402 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



Sesake, Lakon: sa, bad. Pak, Leon, Sasar: se, id. Alo Teqel: 

 see, id. Malo, Eromanga: sat, id. Norbarbar: set, id. Motlav: 

 het, id. Volow: heat, id. Aneityum: has, id. Merlav: 

 sasat, id. Mota: tatas, id. Maewo: seseta, id. Wango, 

 Alite: faa, id. Tanna: ra, id. v Savo: isarongo, id. 

 Malay: /a/ia/, bad. Malagasy: ratsi, id. 

 Arabic: ^a', sawat, to be bad, evil. 

 Although all our identifications of sa in Nuclear Polynesia are inter- 

 jections they seem quite satisfactory. 



In Viti we find the word in two forms. It would appear that isa is a 

 more modern appropriation of the word, for exclamations in any language 

 travel far and travel true. This will not be doubted by such as have had 

 occasion to welcome as an old friend in the most distant surroundings our 

 own truly Athanasian contribution to the vocabulary of the world's objur- 

 gation. The Rotuma raksa, like so much in that odd speech, remains for 

 the present inexplicable, but it is safe to identify the sa. 



In Melanesia we find that the Proto-Samoan stem was sat. The abraded 

 form is found in Efate, Sesake, Leon, Lakon, Pak, Sasar, Alo Teqel. Malo, 

 Eromanga, and Norbarbar retain the stem form. Motlav het is an easy 

 variant of Norbarbar set. Volow heat ishat with the vowel interpolation cus- 

 tomary in that language. Aneityum is easily deducible as hat with the t-s 

 mutation. Merlav sasat and Maewo seseta are preduplications of sat and 

 set. Mota tatas is therefore metathetic. Savo isarongo is probably an isa- 

 composite. Wango and Alite taa is hard to adjust ; the fact that in each 

 language an inner t is frequently excised might warrant us in suggesting 

 lata, but even though that has some resemblance to Mota tatas it fails to be 

 convincing. On the possibility of s-r mutation in Tanna ra see note 239. 

 Malay jahat will pass muster as a /m/composite. Malagasy ratsi can not 

 be accepted without more evidence. 

 The Semitic is certainly a resemblance. 



338. 

 saki, to ascend, to go up ; sakesake, to be up, to sit upon. 



Samoa: a'e, upward, to go up; sa'e, to elevate one leg, as in the 

 act of falling in a club match ; 'a'e, to ascend, to rise. Tonga : 

 hake, upward, to ascend. Futuna: ake, up, to ascend; sake, 

 to raise the leg at one in derision or mockery; kake, to climb, 

 to ascend. Niue: hake, up, to go up. Uvea: ake, up; hake, 

 to go up. Maori: ake, upward; kake, to climb, to ascend. 

 Marquesas : ake, on high, upward ; kake, to ascend. Mangareva : 

 ake, upward. Bukabuka: ake, up. Tahiti: ae, up, to go 

 up, to ascend, to climb. Hawaii: ae, to raise, to lift up, to 

 mount. Fotuna: no-jikijiake, to lift up; no-tukake, to stand 

 upright. Nukuoro: kake, to go up. Nuguria: kake, up; 

 hanage, northwest. Rapanui: kake a, to go aboard. 

 Viti: thake, upward; thaketa, to dig or lift up. 



Sesake, Tangoan Santo, Nguna: sake, up. Malo: sace, up. Vatu- 

 ranga: sake, id.; sahelia, to go up into it. Mota, Merlav: 



sage, up. Omba: hage, id. Nggela: hage, to go up ; hagelia, 

 hagevia, to embark. Bugotu: hage, up; hagelia, to go up on 



