408 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



tungi, to light a fire or a lamp, to burn. Maori, Rarotonga: 

 tungi, to kindle, to set on fire. Hawaii: kuni, id. Uvea: 

 tutu, to set on fire. Tahiti: tutui, id. Rapanui: tutu, to 

 kindle, to set on fire; tutunga, combustion. 



Viti: tunu, warm; vakatunu, to warm up cold food; tutuvaka, to 

 light, to set on fire; tungiva, to kindle. Rotuma: sunu, hot; 

 fuf, to light, to kindle. 



Buka: sinanga, warm. King: suniin, fire. Baur: songsong, hot. 

 King: misongot, id. Epi: pisusunu, id. Malo: tunu, to 

 roast, to heat. Motu: tunua, to bake pottery. Marina: 

 tutunu, hot. Gog, Lakon, Mota, Santo, Vuras, Mosin : tutun, id. 

 Belaga: tutun, to burn. Duke of York, New Britain: tun, id. 

 Pala: tun, to cook. Lo: tun, hot. Mota Maligo: tin, to 

 roast over embers ; Veverau : tun, id. Sasar, Alo Teqel : i'in, id. 

 Lambell, Lamassa : tuni, to cook. King: itutiin, id. Mota: 

 tutunsag, fever. Ulawa : tunga, fire. Bugotu : totha, to light 

 (a lamp). 



Malay: tunu, to burn, to consume with fire. Macassar: tunu, to 

 bake, to roast. Savu : tunu, to roast. Bugi, Landa, Binue, 

 Baliyon: tunu, to burn. Sambawa: tunang, id. Sassac: 

 tulu, id. Lampong: tunkan, the hearth. Kandayan: tinu, 

 to burn. Malagasy: tono, to roast. 



Arabic : sal/ana, suh'un', to be hot. Hebrew : s'ahan, id. Syriac : 

 s'hen, id. 



Our Efate material groups several consimilars exhibiting both vowel and 

 consonant distinctions. These reduce to the four primitives sinu, sunu, 

 tunu, tung. It is not difficult to trace these to a common source particu- 

 larized by modulants. We shall examine these in detail. 



sinu. This is the least frequent. It occurs in Efate, Viti, enters Nuclear 

 Polynesia by way of Futuna, and is found again in Hawaii, a landmark at 

 that end of the direct migration to that outlier which was reached only in 

 a roundabout circuit by its main, or Tongafiti, peopling. We lack Motu 

 data, but, so far as Efate-Viti-Futuna may determine the course, we are 

 disposed to charge this to the Viti stream. The Viti sinunganga is a com- 

 posite readily resolvable into this sinu hot and ngdngd which is variously 

 defined as poisonous, bitter, sour, salt, in other words highly objectionable. 

 In Futuna masinu is of the common composition with wa-conditional ; it is 

 a synonym of part of the meaning of masunu. Hawaii ohinu is influenced 

 by the local idiosyncrasy which prefixes to many verbs this distinctive o. 

 The only forms in i noted elsewhere in our material are the not wholly 

 satisfactory Buka sinanga and Kandayan tinu. 



sunu. This also is a Nuclear Polynesian form, but as sinu pointed the 

 way along the direct northern migration this points out the southern migra- 

 tion direct from Nuclear Polynesia to New Zealand. We have seen reason 

 to credit sinu to the Viti stream; similarly we find reason to hold sunu to 

 have been a particular form of the Samoa stream. Sunu does not appear 

 in Efate or in Viti, but its presence in Rotuma is significant by reason of 

 the fact that this island lies northward from Viti. In Melanesia (except in 



