DATA AND NOTES. 411 



Tonga, and Niue we find a causative to convey the latter signification. 

 This form runs through Melanesia, and greatly to our surprise it prevails in 

 Indonesia, where in general the agreement is more close with the Tongafiti 

 stage of the Polynesian. 



The Tongafiti word for breast is u. This we may not regard as a dilapi- 

 dated form of susu, su-hu-u, for in that case we should expect the aspiration 

 to be present in the languages in which it entails no difficulty. The only 

 way in which I can adjust it to the susu series is to regard u as primal and 

 su to have become a particularized form through the employment of a 

 consonantal coefficient. In Nuclear Polynesia this w-form appears only in 

 Futuna, a language in which Tongafiti influence is strongly marked — not 

 so strongly in this instance, however, as to obliterate the Proto-Samoan 

 susu to suck. At a distance, and in the western verge, u appears in Fotuna 

 in the sense of sucking, which the word nowhere else carries, for in exterior 

 Polynesia the words meaning to suck have no relation to the word for breast. 

 New Britain u is of the Tongafiti type, and in Epi the Bierian ohun sug- 

 gests a su form which undergoes yet further demolition in Baki yu. 



The Indonesian identifications, as before remarked, are quite generally 

 of the susu or Proto-Samoan type. The Malagasy nunu is out of order, 

 for we have no data tending to establish an s-n mutation. 



The Semitic proposed is sd, td, in structure a resemblance of but one 

 consonant and without attempting to account for the other, therefore not 

 to be accepted. 



345- 

 ta i, tata, to chop, to cut, to speak or utter (as it were making a chopping 

 noise). 



Samoa : to", to strike, to beat ; tata, to speak rapidly, to break fire- 

 wood (by hitting a tree or a stone with the billet to be broken) . 

 Tonga: to, to strike, to beat, to hew; tai, to strike, to beat. 

 Futuna : ta, to strike, to beat, to cut, to hew. Niue : ta, to 

 strike, to kill, to adze. Uvea: ta, to strike, to cut. Maori: 

 ta, to beat, to cleave, to split up. Tahiti: ta, to strike, to 

 repeat or tell a tale. Rarotonga, Marquesas: ta, to strike, 

 to beat, to kill. Mangareva: ta, to cut. Paumotu: ta, to 

 strike, to cut (in composition). Nuguria: taa, to hew. Sika- 

 yana, Moiki: ta, to strike. Nukuoro: ta, to cut. Hawaii: 

 ka, to strike, to beat, to cut or split wood. 



Viti : ta, tata, to chop or cut with an axe. 



New Britain : ta, to strike. Moanus : ta, to beat, to strike. Male- 

 kula : tai, to cut. 



Malay: tatah, to chop. Macassar: tatta, to fell, to cut off. Mala- 

 gasy: ta, the sound of beating or knocking; tatana, to chop. 



Arabic : hadda, to cut quickly, to utter speech quickly. 



With this stem we have an irregular associate referring to speech. Efate - 

 ta to speak, to utter; Samoa tata to speak rapidly; Tahiti ta to tell a tale. 

 Dr. Macdonald's parenthetical suggestion "as it were making a chopping 

 noise" is far too childish for consideration. We must regard this as the 

 survival of a to-vocable elsewhere forgotten. 



