DATA AND NOTES. 413 



feel pity for, to show mercy to. Mota : tangi, tangis, tangtang, 

 to cry, to weep. Vuras: tengteng, id. Motlav: teng, id. 

 Sinaugoro : tagi, to weep, to cry. Motu : tai, to cry, to howl, 

 to weep. Redscar Bay: tai, to cry. Aneityum: taing, to 

 cry, to weep ; ataingataing, to sing (as a kettle before boiling) . 

 Santo: toni, to cry. Malekula: teng, to cry; tengsi, to bewail. 

 Malo: tangtange, to cry; tangisia, to bewail. Baki: jengi, to 

 weep, to bewail. Tangoan Santo : tangi, to cry; tangsia, to 

 bewail. Pokau : kani, to weep, to cry. Uni : cani, id. Hula, 

 Keapara, Galoma : agi, id. Roro : hai, id. Waima : hat, to cry. 



Malay: tangis, to weep. Siwa: tangi, to weep. Tagalog: taghoy, 

 to weep, to lament. Java : nangis, to weep. Kayan: nangi, id. 

 Ilocan: sangit, to cry, to weep floods of tears. Malagasy: 

 tany, a cry, a lamentation. 



Arabic: tanna, to tinkle, to clank, to ring, to hum; tanien, din; 

 tantun, to tinkle, to jingle. 



The Proto-Samoan stem is tangis. 



The significations are polyphase; therefore the time will not be ill 

 employed in segregating them into such classes as may be found to exist. 



A. Non-vocal. Samoa, Tonga, Futuna, Maori, Mangareva, Tahiti, Hawaii, 



Efate, Belaga, Aneityum. 



B. Vocal. 



a. The animal cry: Samoa, Futuna, Uvea, Maori, Marquesas, Hawaii, 



Viti, Nggela. 



b. The human voice: 



i. Sounds of pleasure: Samoa, Tonga, Maori, Mangaia, Mangareva, 

 Marquesas, Tahiti, Hawaii, Viti, Efate. 



2. Sounds of pain: Samoa, Futuna, Niue, Uvea, Maori, Mangareva, 

 Mangaia, Paumotu, Tongarewa, Nukuoro, Manahiki, Fakaafo, 

 Aniwa, Tahiti, Viti, Efate, Omba, Motu, Redscar Bay, Santo, 

 Malekula, Nggela, Mota, Vuras, Motlav, Aneityum, Matupit, 

 Malo, Baki, Tangoan Santo, Tagalog, Ilocan, Malagasy. 



2a. The howl and the tear: Samoa, Tonga, Futuna, Uvea, Maori, 

 Mangaia, Mangareva, Paumotu, Tahiti, Viti, Nguna, Vatu- 

 ranga, Bugotu, Nggao, Baravon, Mota, Aneityum, Baki, Malay, 

 Siwa, Tagalog, Java, Kayan, Ilocan. 



ib. The wail of petition: Samoa, Uvea. 



To these should be added Lambell tangis, a tear, and Maewo tangtangisi, 

 in which the tear drops in pity. Until we reach the ultimate items the 

 common factor of this wide range of significations is the inarticulate sound, 

 and even where it distinctly means to sing or chant the sense rests upon 

 the music and not the words. 



The form calls for no extended comment beyond the general remark 

 upon the frequency with which the final .? is preserved. Aneityum taing 

 is metathetic. The a varies to e in several New Hebridean languages, and 

 in Santo to o. Java and Kayan show the t-n mutation which appears in 

 four New Ireland languages in 329. Ilocan sangit seems to be a most 

 unusual metathesis, type 52341. 



