424 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



Our Melanesian identifications are so abundant that it has been possible 

 to arrange them in a very satisfactory chain of form development, and the 

 several threads of meaning interlace and bind the whole. 



The Malay and Java identifications are satisfactory; the Malagasy, in 

 the absence of transition phases, somewhat less so. 



The Hebrew is a resemblance. 



358. 



tu, tsu, su, ru, to stand, to abide, to dwell, to be; tu-ri, to stand, to abide 

 with; tu-raki, to stand or abide for. 



Samoa: tu, to stand, to arise; tula, a locality or habitat; tula, a 

 pigeon perch; tula'i, tutula'i, to rise up, to stand up. Nuguria: 

 tu, to stand. Tonga: tuu, to stand, to rise; tuula, a bird 

 roost. Rapanui: hakatuu, to erect, to build. Futuna: tuu, 

 to stand, to arise, to be situated or placed ; tuidanga, post, sta- 

 tion, place of residence; tuulaki, to arise, to stand up. Niue: 

 tu, tutu, to stand ; tuulupou, ground plates of a house. Uvea : 

 tutuu, tuulaki, to stand ; tuu, to arise. Nukuoro, Fotuna : tu, 

 to stand. Moiki : tu, to stand, to abide. Maori : tu, to stand ; 

 tunga, a standing place ; turanga, time, place or circumstance of 

 standing. Tahiti: tu, to stand erect, upright. Rarotonga: 

 tu, to stand, to arise. Marquesas: tu, to stand, to remain 

 fixed. Mangareva: tu, being, essential, to be the essence of, 

 to be upright, to stand up; turanga, a site, standing place. 

 Hawaii: ku, to arise, to stand erect; kulana, a place in a fort 

 where the men stand to throw their spears; kulanahale,avil\age. 



Viti: tu, to arise, to stand, to be; tura, vakatura, viritu, to cause to 

 stand, to place; tutu, a stand, a place or thing to stand on. 



Tangoan Santo, Malo, Duke of York, Raluana: turu, to stand. 

 Nggela: tuguru, id. Maewo: tura, id. Fagani, Wango: 



'ura, id. Saa: 'ure, id. Marina: turi, id. Mota, Vuras, 

 Merlav, Gog, Pala, Baravon : tur, id. Lambell : itur, id. ; kamtur, 

 to stand up. Lamassa: itur, to stand; kaptiir, to stand up. 

 King: itur, to stand; ikatutur, to stand up. Matupit: tut, to 

 arise; wa-tut-pa, to make to rise. Vaturanga, Deni, Sesake, 

 Lo, Omba, Maewo : tu, to stand. Malekula : tu, tutu, id. Motu : 

 tutuka-tutuka, to stand firm, to be steady. Sesake: ndu, to 

 stand. Retan: tir, id. Tanna: (t)utul, id. Baki: jumolu, id. 

 Bierian: mtumau, id. Volow: tig, id. Norbarbar: ti, id. 



Malay: diri, to stand; kukuh, stable, firm. Malagasy: juru, id. 



Hebrew: nasa', so', s'et, to stand. Ethiopic: nasa' a, id. Arabic: 

 nas'a' , id. 



Exactly at this point a note is proper as to the substantive verb, for one 

 of its most frequent substitutes is the sit of the preceding item, the other 

 is the stand of the present item. To the Polynesian and to the Melanesian 

 has come no concept of bare existence; he sees no need to say of himself 

 "I am," always "I am doing," "I am suffering." It is hard for the stranger 

 of alien culture to relinquish his nude idea of existence and to adopt the 

 island idea; it is far more difficult to acquire the feeling of the language 



