304 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



thence easily pass into the sibilant, regardless of the source from which the 

 aspirate derived. In eastern Indonesia the mutation down the column to 

 the p of Kayan, Magindano and Tagalog correlates the b form in Malekula. 

 The final vowel, o in Matabello and Saparua only, is i in Malagasy, Guam, 

 and all the rest save only Kisa and Kayan, in which it becomes a, and in 

 Magindano which has u. An ephelkustic n is found in Guam, West Brissi, 

 Kisa, Kayan, Magindano, and Tagalog. 



To bring the Arabic in nab' into identity with the nifo stem requires but 

 the establishment of the following laws of mutation: 



(i) That a shall pass into i without a vestige of transition form. 



(2) That b shall represent / against the universal practice of the Poly- 

 nesian users of the word, and the occurrence of this change among the less 

 careful Melanesians and Indonesians only in a single instance among the 

 former and but three times among the latter. 



(3) That a final palatal, a strong guttural, shall drop off unnoticed. 



(4) That an o strong enough to hold throughout the Pacific area and to 

 be represented by some substitute in all of Indonesia shall be acquired 

 somewhere and somehow. 



The initial n, however, withstands all hostile assault ; it is there in the 



Semitic. 



260. 

 ra na, a branch. 



Samoa: la, a branch of a tree; laid, small branches. Nukuoro: 



la te manu, a branch. Niue: la, laid (plural), branch of a 



tree. Hawaii: lala, limb or branch. Futuna: lad, branch. 



Maori: rara, a twig, a small branch. Tahiti: rara, a branch; 



ara, small twigs or branches. Rarotonga, Mangareva: rara, 



branch. Fotuna: ra, id. 



Sesake: ndara, a branch. Aneityum: in-ran, id. Bierian: la, id. 



Malay: daan, a branch. Malagasy: rahana, rahaka, id. 



Arabic: s'agnat, s'agan', a branch. 



The Polynesian stem is found in Efate, Aneityum and Bierian, and in 



Malagasy. In all this range we find no transition forms to account for the 



d which occurs in Sesake and in Malay. Yet an l-t mutation is by no means 



unknown ; in fact it occurs in the next item. 



I fail to see on what score, even of mere resemblance, it is sought to 



include this Semitic. 



rai, re, the forehead, aspect, face. 



Samoa: lae, the part between lip and chin without hair; ta'alaelae, 

 a wide or bald forehead, a beardless chin. Tonga, Futuna, 

 Uvea, Nuguria, Hawaii : lae, the brow, the forehead . Sikayana : 

 moalae, id. Niue: le, matale, muale, id. Maori, Tahiti, 

 Paumotu, Rarotonga: rae, id. Mangareva: raemata, the face, 

 the countenance ; akarae, to cut the hair on the forehead ; korae, 

 to cut the hair of women on the forehead ; akakorae, to cut the 

 ends of the hair short behind. Rapanui: korae, the brow. 



Nguna: rae, the front. Malo: rai, forehead. 



Malay, Matu: dai, the brow, the forehead. Java: rai, id. 



Ethiopic : rey, the sight, aspect. 



