306 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



263. 

 soa (saisai), so, companion, follower, especially of the opposite sex. 



Samoa, Futuna: soa, friend, fellow, companion. Ticopia: soa, 

 friend. Sikayana: tosoa, id. Nuguria: haisoa, id. Maori: 

 hoa, a friend, a mate ; hoahoa, a spouse. Tonga, Tahiti, Hawaii, 

 Marquesas, Rapanui, Paumotu: hoa, friend, fellow, companion. 

 Mangareva: hoa, oa, id. Rarotonga: oa, id. Fotuna: soa, 

 brother's brother, sister's sister. Nukuoro : soa, soka, a friend. 

 Bierian: ohoa, wife, husband. Baki: koa, id. Mota : soai, member, 



component part of an organic whole. 

 Kayan : hawa, a wife. 

 Arabic : s'ai 1 , an associate, follower. 

 Dr. Macdonald associates sod and so with saisai to assemble, with less 

 attention to the eytmology of Efate than to the Semitic with which he 

 wishes to affiliate it. 



The sex idea is widely extended ; in Efate, Maori, Bierian, Baki, and 

 Kayan the opposite sexes, distinct statement of the same sexes only in 

 Fotuna. In Nukuoro the intrusion of k in the alternative form soka is not 

 understood. In Baki koa the change from h to k is so violent, particularly 

 when it is recalled that the small island of Epi is the home both of Baki 

 and Bierian, that we suspect the not unnatural error of a printer in reading 

 foreign manuscript. 



Without cognate forms in Indonesia we may neither quite accept nor 

 wholly reject the Kayan word. 



The Arabic is greatly in need of proof before it can be accepted. 



264. 

 song i, sung i, sum i, to kiss. 



Samoa : songi, to rub noses, to salute ; songisongi, to smell. Futuna, 

 Nukuoro: songi, to kiss. Tonga: hongi, to smell, to sniff. 

 Niue: hongi, hohongi, honungi, id. Uvea: hongi, hohongi, id. 

 Rapanui: hongi, to kiss, to smell; hongihongi, joy. Paumotu, 

 Tongarewa: hongi, to rub noses, to kiss. Marquesas: honi, 

 hoki, to kiss, to smell. Hawaii: honi, id. Rarotonga, 

 Mangareva: ongi, to smell, to kiss, to salute by rubbing noses. 

 Tahiti: hoi, hohoi, id. 

 Lambell : isong, to smell. King : sangopi, id. Aneityum : aijnmnyi, 

 to kiss. Maewo: cf. mbunimhuni, mbunimbunisi, to smell, 

 to kiss. 

 Malay: chyum, to smell, to kiss. 



Ethiopic: sa'ama, to kiss. Arabic: s'amma, to smell (there is no 

 trace of this meaning in Efate). 

 The Proto-Samoan stem is songit. 



Outside of Efate we do not recognize this stem in Melanesia until we 

 reach the New Ireland coast at the east gate of migration. The Maewo 

 forms noted are quite irreconcilable with this stem even in abrasion, and 

 the Aneityum word is more a puzzle than a comparable form. The Lambell 

 isong is clearly homogenetic. King is in geography and speech so close to 

 Lambell that we have no doubt in the recognition of sang- in sangopi, but 



