DATA AND NOTES. 425 



and to accomplish elegance in the diction under these unfamiliar conditions. 

 Take for an illustrative example these two sentences from the Viti : 



Sa tiko na tamata e kila: there are (sit) men who know. 

 Sa tu mai vale na yau: the goods are (stand) in the house. 



The use of tu for tiko and of tiko for tu would not produce incomprehensi- 

 bility, but it would entail a loss of finish in diction, it would stamp the 

 speaker as vulgar, as a white man. 



Again there is a use of these verbs as auxiliaries to some principal verb 

 in a fashion that is yet more difficult to grasp. Sa lako tu and sa lako tiko, 

 both "he is going." But sa lako tu suggests "he is going here in plain 

 sight" ; and sa lako tiko "he go-sits," to employ a barbarism in a speech of 

 culture representative of an elegance in a barbaric speech, produces the 

 sense "he is going steadily on and on." 



Savage life is far too complex ; it is only in rich civilization that we can 

 rise to the simplicity of elemental concepts. 



The Proto-Samoan stem is tul. 



In Polynesia the only variant is Hawaii ku, the common kappation. 



In Melanesia our identifications fall into groups as representing tul, tu, 

 tutu, and til. Turn, tura, 'ura, turi, 'uri, tur are the representatives of the tul 

 group, and probably to be associated with this is Tanna tutul. Tu, the 

 common Polynesian type, is found in Melanesia at scattered points, Efat£, 

 Vaturanga, Deni, Sesake, Lo, Omba, Maewo, and Malekula; and the two 

 Epi forms, Baki jumolu and Bierian mtumau, seem to be /^-composites. 

 Tutu, the normal duplication, is found only in Malekula; Motu has a 

 tutuka, a tutu enlarged and then duplicated in a manner which a true Poly- 

 nesian would never tolerate. An interesting form is Matupit tut, tu dupli- 

 cated and then abraded. The stem with vowel change, til, occurs but three 

 times and in a very narrowly restricted area of two small islands in the 

 north of the Banks Group. Re tan fir is clearly the simple stem and 

 Norbarbar ti stands to til as tu to tul. But Volow tig is anomalous; the 

 same anomaly is found in Nggela tuguru. 



We have but two Indonesian identifications. Malagasy juru is of the 

 more usual type; Malay dirt reestablishes the til stem just under discus- 

 sion. It is uncertain whether the kappation is sufficiently well established 

 in Malay to cover kukuh as a tutu equivalent. 



The Semitic offered here, ns' stem, can have no relationship with tul or til. 



359- 

 turua, full of holes (as a rock through which water percolates) ; tuturu, to 

 drip (as eaves), to leak (of a roof); tuturu, a drop, dripping; 

 turu-ki, to drip or leak through; tirikit, to begin to drop or 

 spatter (of rain) . 

 Samoa: tutulu, to leak (of a roof), to weep (language of ceremony) ; 

 tulutulu, the eaves of a house; fa'atulutulu, to cause to drop; 

 tului, to drop a thing into; tuluvao, the drops from the trees 

 after rain. Tonga: tulutulu, to drop, to drip, to let in water, 

 the eaves; tutulu, to fall in drops, leaky; tuluta, a single drop, 

 a tear ; mokulu, to fall as tears ; tului, to drop into the eye or 

 into a wound. Futuna: tutulu, to fall drop by drop; tului, 



