DATA AND NOTES. 369 



Stem lom. This occurs in Tonga, Futuna, Uvea, Niue, Maori, and Duke 

 of York with the o-radical ; and with the ^-radical in Efate, Maori, Hawaii, 

 Mangareva, and Paumotu. If it were not for the ^-radical in Efate we 

 should be wholly justified in the statement that Iof and lom are Proto- 

 Samoan, lum Tongafiti; and this is indeed probable, for Maori roma is 

 explicable as carried by the direct migration which our material shows to 

 have passed from Nuclear Polynesia to New Zealand. This would afford 

 us an explanation of malu water, the bonito fishing euphemism. It might 

 be a conditional form of the lum stem, adopted for this purpose as a slightly 

 alien word and therefore incomprehensible since the bonito understands 

 Samoan perfectly. This would not be the only instance in which the 

 honorific speech has drawn from a foreign source. 



In the Viti ndrondro is clearly the Proto- Samoan lolo (Iof stem) and the 

 reinforcement of the r points out that the primal stem was rof with r 

 grasseye. Luvu would seem to be a vowel mutation on the luf stem 

 derived from a source in which the r had become /. Against this is to be 

 set the fact of luvutha and luvuraka. The former implies a stem luvuh, 

 luvus, or luvut; in the latter we may choose to regard, and with much 

 reason, the r of raka as non-radical and that this termination is applied 

 evenly to all open stems. 



Without support in transition forms we are not at liberty to admit the 

 Malagasy, the extraneous k being the obstacle. 



The Semitic is, of course, beyond the range of possibility; the sole point 

 of resemblance being the b, and this is not sufficient to carry the load of 

 the former consonants. 



315- 

 mala, malala, the cleared place in each village where the ceremonial drums 

 are set up; a place or part (as of a garden); malmal, a small 

 place or part. 

 Samoa : malae, the town green. Nukuoro : malae, a cleared space, 

 an open place, a plantation. Tonga : malae, a green, a grass 

 plot. Futuna, Uvea: malae, the public place in front of the 

 houses. Hawaii: malae, smooth (as a plain) . Niue: male, 

 an open space, plaza of a village. Fotuna: marai, public 

 house. Maori: marae, an inclosed place in front of a house. 

 Tahiti: marae, the sacred place of worship. Mangaia: marae, 

 the sacred inclosure of sacrifice. Tongarewa : marae, a sacred 

 inclosure. Paumotu: marae, a temple. Mangareva: marae, 

 a temple. Nuguria: marai, an open meeting-place. 

 Viti: mora, a burying-place. 



Nggela: male, malei, a place. Laur: malar, a town, a place. 



Bierian: ka-mali, public house, village. Baki: ko-meli, id. 

 Malekula: he-mir, id. 

 Malay: balai, an audience hall, a reception room. 

 Arabic: 'ard f , 'ara', 'arat, an open place. Hebrew: 'arah, ma'ar, 

 sl naked space ; ma'drah, a plain or field devoid of trees. 



In note 261 I have advanced the opinion that malae is in form a condi- 

 tional derivative of lae. This holds of the signification found in Nuclear 

 Polynesia. The secondary sense which the Tongafiti carried to eastern 



