DATA AND NOTES. 373 



as manu in an advanced stage of dilapidation ; but since it appears as mes 

 in Vuras and as mast in Maewo we see that it can not be from the waww-stem. 

 Aside from this Lakon mah the Melanesian identifications are sufficiently 

 satisfactory to pass without detailed comment. We find a final palatal in 

 New Ireland, Tanna, and Eromanga. The former might be ascribed to a 

 Post- Polynesian Indonesian source, but Tanna and Eromanga lie outside 

 the limits which we may conveniently assign to the raids of Dyak prahus. 

 On the other hand, if we ascribe the fe-final to a stem manuk we shall be 

 forced to regard that as earlier than manu, both from the internal motion of 

 the language and from the fact that these two languages in general preserve 

 primitive forms. Two objections arise in opposition to the view that manuk 

 is primordial : one that the fe-final has not been preserved in those Melane- 

 sian languages which have an idiosyncratic disposition toward closed stems, 

 and these are the languages in which the word appears as man and variants ; 

 the other that Indonesia in general preserves the later rather the earlier 

 Polynesian forms, Tongafiti rather than Proto-Samoan. The Moanus 

 manuai may be a local suggestion of inflection; yet since that language is 

 the propylon of the eastern gateway, the nearest to Indonesia, we need 

 have no hesitation in recognizing its association with such forms as Ahtiago 

 manuwan, Teluti manuo, Amblaw and Awaiya marine, Cajeli manui. These 

 occur in Ceram and Buru, south of Gilolo, and one might expect to find their 

 influence most prominently felt through the southern gateway; but our 

 earliest records from New Guinea distinctly mention Ceram as the source 

 of the Malay raids along the north shores of that great island, therefore in 

 the direction of Moanus. 



The preponderance of manuk-stems is manifest in the Indonesian record. 

 Wahai malok shows the same n-l mutation as Alite main. Malay burung 

 and Malagasy vuruna are clearly homogenetic inter se; equally they are dis- 

 sociated from the common word of the three island areas. 



If the Semitic has even a resemblance it can only be to the Malay and 

 Malagasy, therefore none with the manu or manuk of this study. 



318. 

 mate, to die ; matemate, to be quiet, soft, gentle ; matian, death ; matingo, 

 the grave. 

 Samoa: mate, to die (used of beasts; oti used of mankind). Tonga, 

 Fakaafo, Futuna, Niue, Uvea, Vate, Maori, Tahiti, Rarotonga, 

 Marquesas, Mangareva, Bukabuka, Manahiki, Paumotu: mate, 

 to die. Nukuoro: mate, id.; hakamate, to kill. Rapanui: 

 mate, ill, dead, to die; hakamate, to murder. Tongarewa: mate, 

 death. Nuguria: umate, dead. Aniwa: komate, to be dead. 

 Hawaii : make, to die. Fotuna : kono-mate, to die ; tah-mate, death. 

 Viti: mate, to die. 



Merlav, Maewo, Omba, Arag, Marina, Malo, Bierian, Sesake, Nggela, 

 Vaturanga, Nguna, Motu, Solomon Islands, Suau, Mota: mate, 

 to die. Tubetube: unui-ia-mate, to kill. Fagani, Wango, 

 Mekeo,Ulawa; ma'e, todie. Doura: make, id. Kiriwina: katu- 

 mata, to kill. Dobu : loe-masa, id. Saa : ma'e, ma'esie, to die; 

 ha'ama'esi, to kill. Ugi : mae, to die ; haamaesi, to kill. Santo : 

 mati, id. Nada, Massim, Murua : matt, to die. Mosin, Gog, 



