378 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



Samoa: malama, the moon, a light, a lamp or torch, to be light; 

 malamalama, to be light. Tonga: malama, brightness, to 

 shine. Futuna : malama, the world, the universe, a lamp or 

 light, brilliancy. Uvea: malama, a light, a lamp, to light up. 

 Hawaii: malama, light; malamalama, a light, to shine. Sika- 

 yana: malama, the moon. Manahiki: malamalama, light. 



Fotuna: marama, light; mrama, the moon. Nuguria: marama, 

 light. Maori: marama, the moon, light, to be light, to be 

 bright. Tahiti: marama, the moon ;maramarama, the light, to 

 be light. Mangareva : marama, daylight, the moon. Rapanui : 

 marama, brightness, light, day, to be bright; hakamarama, 

 to shine. Rarotonga: marama, the moon, the light, bright, 

 shining. Nukuoro: marama, the moon, bright. Niue: 



maama, light, to light up. Marquesas: maama, light of day; 

 meama, the moon. Aniwa: umrama, the months. The month 

 sense is found in Tahiti, Marquesas, Rarotonga and Maori asso- 

 ciated with the moon signification, and in Hawaii is specificallv 

 dissociated therefrom to characterize a solar month. 



Viti: malamalawa, the early part of the morning before daylight; 

 rarama, light, rdmaka, to cast light upon; ramaka, shining from 

 a distance. 



Sesake: marama, to be light. Gog: marmaran, to be lighted. 

 Motlav: memreren, to become light. Volow: merercn, id. 



Tanna: mararen, light. Mota: maran, light, morning. Merlav: 

 maran, light ; mamaraniga, lightsome. Bugotu, Nggela : marara, 

 light. New Britain: malana, light. Kalil: mdlau, bright. 

 Nengone: nerenc, to shine; ncreneni, to light. Aneityum: 



cf. alauma, to blaze. Bierian: mamama, light. 



Kayan: mala, a light, flame. 



Arabic : lama 1 a, to shine. 



The Proto-Samoan stem is malamang, as shown in malamalamangia. 

 The duplication form shows this to be a composite of the two stems mala 

 and mang; thus it must be kept apart from forms of lama, which in Poly- 

 nesia has the lighting sense only as secondary to its primal signification 

 of a torch. 



The presence of n in Efate mirama-ni and eromina serves to associate 

 these forms with the malamang-stem. Sesake marama is plainly Polyne- 

 sian malama. 



Beyond these two points we seem forever on the verge of establishing 

 an identification and as steadily the light proves to be but will-o-the-wisp 

 glimmer. In Viti malamalawa is almost Samoan malamalama; this would 

 require an m-w mutation; but m is the least variable of Polynesian conso- 

 nants, our material not affording one instance of this hypothetical mutation ; 

 the nearest is m-v in the solitary instance of ma'i (323) sick Nggela vahagi. 

 The other Viti examples stem in lama, and that is contraindicated. 



The nearest approach to malama in the doubtful Melanesia is New Britain 

 (not specified) malana; on the m-n mutation see note 312. The marara of 

 Bugotu and Nggela requires an m-r mutation, for which we find no support. 

 In the New Hebrides we find various phases of a stem which at its simplest 



