392 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



The fact that here when added to solo it gives us soloi is sufficient evidence 

 that in solo we have to do with an open root. The open root is unmistak- 

 able in Motu hnria and Aneityum ruhoi. Now as to Mota. Codrington dis- 

 misses the suffixes to verbs as certain consonants which make them transi- 

 tive, but he offers no explanation of the principle which governs the choice 

 of one consonant over another. Consistently I have found reason in these 

 studies to regard them as the persistent final consonants of closed roots. 

 Mota, then, yields the roots sarag, sarav, not proper kin of the open Poly- 

 nesian solo. Viti is again a problem with solota. In general I have found 

 it possible to treat these verbal terminations as indicative of root closure ; 

 therefore we may infer a root solot. 



Taking up now item 331, we find Samoan olo, which we may faintly 

 discern to be Proto-Samoan holo. That would give us solo and holo stems, 

 differing slightly as would be expected in my theory of consonantal modu- 

 lants. In Fotuna no-soroa would affiliate with solo. The other word, 

 no-wurusi, we may link with Samoa fiifalu (220). The Tonga fulufuluhaa 

 points to a fulus stem, and this Fotuna is in immediate accord therewith. 

 Yet in item 220 we developed a furun-stem. Now Viti thoronga argues a 

 Proto-Samoan stem of either solong or holong, and the latter is appreciably 

 proximate to furun. The Mota .yara^-stem already noted we here find con- 

 tinued to Norbarbar and Re tan. 



We have assembled the following stems : solo, holo, fulus, fidun, sarag, sarav. 

 It is impossible as yet and in the scantiness of material to separate them. 



The Malay and Malagasy might be adjusted if we could clear away the 

 difficulties in the Pacific area. 



The triliteron of the Semitic is gr% and this is not identifiable with any 

 of the stems here isolated. 



332- 

 oro, to grunt, to growl, to snarl; oro-maki, to bark at; bioro, to make a 

 confused murmuring noise, as a crowd of men all speaking at 

 once ; orooro, uru, uruuru, to growl, to grumble, to mutter, to 

 murmur, 

 (a) Samoa : ngongolo, a rushing sound, as of wind, waves or thunder. 

 Tonga: ngolo, to snuffle, to speak through the nose; taengolo, 

 to cough with a rattling hoarse sound; kokolo, a continuous 

 rumbling noise. Futuna, Niue: tungolo, to snore. Maori, 

 ngoro, to snore, to utter exclamations of surprise or admiration. 

 Mangareva: ngoro, to snore, to rattle in the throat; ngongo: 

 the noise of phlegm in the throat; ngoio, to snore, to breathe 

 through the nose ; tongoro, the noise of water shaken in a bottle. 

 Rapanui: ngorongoro, to grunt, to grumble, to snore, to sleep 

 soundly. Paumotu: ngooro, tagoro, to snore. Hawaii: nono, 

 to snore, to gurgle; nonoo, to snore; nonolo, to breathe hard, to 

 snore, the sound of singing birds ; hoononolo, to chirp, to coo, to 

 growl, to grunt, to snort. Tahiti: ooro, to snore. 

 Viti: cf. nggolou, nggonggolou, to shout. 

 Mota : ngora, to grunt, to snort, to snore. 



Malay : ngorok, to snore. Malagasy : ngorodona, the scuffling sound 

 of many feet ; gogogogo, screaming with pain. 



