396 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



identifications of the ra-stem we have Viti at the hither end and Motu at the 

 yonder end and that the intervening area lies altogether from the northern 

 New Hebrides southward. The only exception to that is Laur da on the 

 New Ireland coast. Omitting Laur, these three points mark out the south- 

 ern migration, that to which I have assigned the designation of the Viti 

 stream. The Melanesian occurrences of toto as presented in the foregoing 

 note almost wholly lie along the Samoa stream. 



Similarly when we prick the Indonesian identifications upon the chart 

 we find them to lie nearest the southern gateway. 



The Semitic proposed stems in dm. The latter is not found at all in the 

 Melanesian; and the former is not the radical r, not even a regular r-d 

 mutation, but the resultant of a second loan acting in a manner that has 

 already been sufficiently explained. There is, therefore, no reason to accept 

 this as an affinity. 



334- 



ran, water. 



Samoa : lanu, liquor amnii, to wash off salt water (ja'alanu) . Tonga : 



lanu, fakalanu, to wash off salt water with fresh. Futuna : 



lanu, liquor amnii, to rinse off salt water with fresh {fakalanu) . 



Niue : fakalanu, to wash in fresh, after bathing in salt, water. 



Mangareva: rami, saliva, globules of foam. 

 Viti: ndranu, fresh (of water), to wash in fresh water after having 



bathed in salt. 

 Motu: rami, water. Galoma: nalu, id. Sinaugoro, Hula, 



Keapara, Rubi: nanu, id. Tanna: rani, fresh (water). 

 Malagasy : rano, water ; lano, swimming. Java : ranu, water. Kawi : 



rami, danu, id. Ilocan: danum, id. Malay: danau, the 



ocean. 

 Arabic: rahalu, water (of a kind). 



Here we have one of the rare instances in which a Nuclear Polynesian 

 vocable reappears in Mangareva, although the sense is highly modified. 

 The word has been carried along the Viti stream, and in Torres Straits we 

 have several stations. 



In Nuclear Polynesia the sense is specialized, the waters of birth being 

 recorded in Samoa and Futuna, and in every case the word refers to the 

 rinsing off of sea water. To wash away the saltwater is not only for appear- 

 ance sake in the tropical Pacific. The sea has a high degree of salinity and 

 the salt crystals are not only the clearly visible signs of an unkempt habit 

 when they glisten upon the brown skins, but they are uncomfortable as well. 

 This use stamps upon lanu a sense in which the fact that it is fresh water 

 is more prominent than the water sense. 



While the Kawi has both rami and danu the extension of the latter in 

 Malay danau to the ocean signification estops us from considering ranu 

 and danu as variants ; they seem more likely to be differentiated in mean- 

 ing and form. 



The Arabic rahalu, rhl, presents no close resemblance to an rn stem such 

 as we have in our island areas. 



