THE SOUTHERN GATEWAY. 485 



extra * in Tubetube He is some such recognition of recent loss as is carried 

 by the ' in Samoan. Inexplicable and unrelated prefixes are found in Roro 

 and Kabadi. 



302. 



The kali stem is easily recognizable in Kiriwina and Nada, and the change 

 of final vowel does not interrupt the identification in Tagula. The Dobu 

 form seems associable, yet we have in that speech no confirming instance 

 of a t elided under full protection. The former element of Kubiri gitaboni 

 I regard as gati under 1432 metathesis, and thus admissible. Murua gedi 

 is a simple variant of gadi. The Tubetube and Suau forms are not to be 

 explained. 



In Boniki, Mukawa, Taupota, and Wedau I recognize a different root, 

 the Proto-Samoan ut of the same meaning. In the two former it is modu- 

 lated by the preface k which has already been seen in this area. In Nuclear 

 Polynesia we find this root as follows : 



Samoa : u,feu, utia, to bite. Futuna : u, uti,id. Uvea : uu, uusi,id. 

 Tonga: uu, uji, feuuji, feuutaki, id. 



The Taupota utai and forms associable therewith derive quite satisfac- 

 torily from this Proto-Samoan ut, except that Melanesia, so far, has exhib- 

 ited no identifications which might bridge the great gap between Torres 

 Straits and Nuclear Polynesia. 



306. 



The New Guinea identifications are truer to type than many which are 

 found in Melanesia. The series is kutu-gutu-utu-uku-uhu-uu-u, and from 

 gutu along an offshoot to gu. 



308. 



In this Torres Straits material we find no occurrence of the sky sense, 

 which is the only meaning which the stem carries in Indonesia and in 

 Polynesia. In several cases the stem designates day and its light, more 

 commonly it is the wind, and these two meanings are found in Melanesia. 

 Yet on the eastern coast of New Guinea, at Gorendu in Astrolabe Bay, 

 Miklucho Maclay has recorded lang in the sense of sky. 



3°9- 



Lacking in the simplicity which marks many of the New Guinea identi- 

 fications, we shall best account for the variety in this item by assuming 

 that the loan has been made in several instances at second or third hand. 

 Thus, while Dobu nene is remote from lango, the latter element in the 

 composite nene-wara points to a borrowing of the nigau-wari of Murua ; 

 this is easily derivative from Panaieti nagunagu, which may readily come 

 from the same parent as Mekeo angu, and that parent is an easy variant 

 of lango. In one devolution series we find lalo-lao-ao and angu-au, in 

 another nagu-nigu-nigo-nene. The acquisition of these forms clears up 

 some of the difficulties noted in the principal note: Guadalcanar ango is 

 abundantly established ; and the Solomon Islands lau-au no longer requires 

 assignment to the Post- Polynesian raiders. 



