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purity. When an eminent bacteriologist finds that a sample 

 of market milk in his city contains more germs than an equal 

 quantity of sewage in the same city, it suggests the need of 

 thorough and practical milk inspection. 



Milk, cream and butter may vary in their composition. 

 Some milk may contain less than 3 per cent, of milk fat ; also 

 much less than 9 per cent, of solids not fat; consequently such 

 milk would contain an excess of water. Some cows may 

 produce such poor milk, but a cow that will pay for her feed 

 will produce a richer and better milk. However, the unscru- 

 pulous milk dealer may abstract cream and add water and 

 coloring matter until the milk looks yellow and rich. The 

 average purchaser pays just as much for this poor milk as 

 rich milk is worth. The law steps in and establishes a legal 

 standard ; then prices should be gauged according to the 

 degree of richness of the milk, or according to the minimum 

 legal standard. 



Moreover, when milk is teeming with millions of germs 

 that feed upon the nutritive materials of the milk its value as 

 a food is partially or totally ruined. As a rule any germ that 

 grows or multiplies in milk destroys partially or wholly one 

 or more of its nutritive ingredients ; hence its value is 

 decreased. 



What has been said of milk is in the main true of cream 

 and butter. They may contain disease- producing and fer- 

 ment-producing germs; they may vary in chemical compo- 

 sition, a result of defects in the mode of collecting the cream 

 and in the manufacture of the butter. Cream or butter may 

 be adulterated and may be greatly reduced in value by partial 

 or complete decomposition. 



Dairy and Milk Inspection should begin at the dairy with 

 the tuberculin test. Every cow should be tested before she is 

 permitted to go into the dairy barns or mingle with the herd. 

 Every dairy owner will save time and trouble by keeping all 

 newly purchased animals completely isolated from his herd 

 until they have been thoroughly tested for tuberculosis and 

 other infectious diseases. When tuberculosis once gains 

 admission to a herd the expense of eliminaticg it from the 



