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them from the milk. Boiling or sterilizing in open vessels is 

 said to remove the bitter principle from milk. 



The time and niauiier of feedias: are important. As a rule 

 it is not possible to have dust-free air in a barn if the cows 

 are fed just previous to milking. If the hay or feed is dusty- 

 it should be sprinkled and fed a suflBcient time before milking 

 so that the dust may be settled, the stalls ventilated, cleaned 

 and sprinkled or flooded previous to the time of milking. 



The Water Supply for the cows should be carefully 

 guarded. It may come from a deep well, with sufficient pro- 

 tection from surface drainage — it may be kept in clean tanks, 

 and yet the watering troughs may be foul and filthy. The 

 writer has observed instances where the trough was so foul 

 and smelled so badly that the animals turned from the trough 

 and drank the water that had collected in the puddles in the 

 yard. Too frequently the troughs are surrounded by mud 

 and manure, which make them very difficult to approach and 

 extremely liable to become contaminated by the splashing 

 and spattering of filth. The trough should be located on a 

 slightly elevated place and surrounded with rock, brick or 

 cobble stones and a layer of gravel, so arranged that the 

 drainage will be away from the trough and that it will never 

 become muddy or sloppy around the trough. The watering 

 trough should be thoroughly scrubbed with brushes, etc., at 

 least once per week. The dropping of saliva and particles of 

 food from the mouth soon makes the trough foul if there is 

 nothing else to contaminate it. Avoid ponds, artificial lakes, 

 contaminated runs or creeks that receive surface drainage 

 from pastures or cow lots, and shallow wells that are located 

 in cow lots or other filthy places. 



C.irefully arrange the Drainage of the barns and lots. The 

 stalls should be of proper length, neither too short or too 

 long, and the gutter for carrying oft" the urine should be in 

 good condition, kept clean and flooded as often as possible. 

 The liquid manure tank which receives the urine from the 

 gutters should be as far away from the barn as possible. The 

 manure pile should also be some distance from the barn and 

 as a matter of economy should be protected from the rain. It 



