223 



(This is applicable only where cows have no run or pasture, 

 or are kept closely conlined for milking three or more times 

 per day.) 



6. The cows should be groomtd twice a day ; their udders, 

 hind limbs, flanks and abdomen should be washed before 

 every milking. 



7. The cows should be allowed to exercise in winter 

 during the warm part of the day ; (in summer or almost any 

 season in Alabama they may be allowed to exercise during 

 any part of the day that is most convenient.) 



The source of water used at the dairy for washing cans, 

 bottles, buckets, hands, etc., is very important. It should be 

 from a deep well that is entirely separated from the barn, 

 from the cow lots, or any source of surface filth. The surface 

 drainage should be away from the well and the well should be 

 so located that the seepage will not come from any contam- 

 inated source. The-deeper the well the less liable it is to be 

 contaminated with germs. Also the deeper the water in the 

 well within certain limits the purer will be the upper portions 

 of that water, providing it is not constantly being contamin- 

 ated by surface drainage or seepage water. As a rule, it is 

 best to have the level of the water in the well some distance 

 below the surface unless the well is cemented some distance 

 below the surface. Most bacteria will not grow or multiply 

 in water unless it contains some organic matter. Hence the 

 bacteria that accidentally get into pure well water become 

 inactive and sink to the bottom of the well. In other words, 

 more bacteria are found at the bottom of the well than in any 

 other portion of the water; consequently, the water should 

 not be drawn directly from the bottom of the well, but may 

 be drawn within eight or ten feet of the bottom. The out- 

 let of a water tank should not be from the bottom ; but should 

 be some distance above the bottom so that the germs and dirt 

 which settle will not be carried out with the water that is 

 used directly or indirectly for human or animal consumption, 

 or to wash dairy apparatus. However, it is wise to have an 

 outlet directly in the bottom of a water tank so that the tank 

 may be thoroughly cleansed. A water tank should be cleansed 



