237 



found in the sample, equals the per cent, of fat removed by 

 skimming. 



The following- formula?, with slight changes, are taken from 

 WoU's Handbook for Farmers and Dairymen, 1897, pages 

 207-8: 



la the formulcB let 



Lf equal legal standard fat per cent. 

 Sf equal sample fat per cent. 



LSnf equal legal standard per cent, of solids not fat. 

 Snf equal sample per cent, of solids not fat. 

 For rapid, practical results, determine the fat by the Bab- 

 cock test, and the solids not fat by the lactometer with the 

 rules, and table previously given. 



I. If cream alone is removed from the milk it may be 

 detected by 



Formula : Lf — Sf = per cent, of fat removed. 



II. Calculations of watered milk may be based on the 

 percentage of solids not fat in the milk by 



Formula : 100 — -5^^^^!^— per cent, of foreign water in milk. 

 Example : If sample contains 7.2 per cent, solids not fat 

 and 9 per cent, is the legal standard for solids not fat then 



100 '^•"'^^°° = 20 per cent, by weight of foreign water in 



the sample of milk or i of the milk is 

 added water. 



III. The quantity of water added may be expressed in per 

 cent, of water added based upon the weight of the original 

 milk. 



Formula : 



looxLSnf _ 100 = per cent, of water added to original 

 milk. 

 Example — Same as in II : 



— 100 = 25 per cent, of water added or i of 



100x9 



milk is added water. 



IV. Milk may be watered and skimmed. Determine per 

 cent, of foreign or added water by II or III ; and the per cent, 

 of fat removed by this 



Formula : 



Lf Lsnfxsf ^ j,gj-j^ Qf f^j. abstracted. 



Snf ^ 



