1915] /. Arthur Harris and Ross Aiken Gortner 77 



cluded mass is 29.6, 34.7 and 34.6 percent lower than that from the 

 wall. 



The osmotic pressure of the extracted sap, as determined by the 

 depression of the freezing point, is, in round numbers, 7.50 atmos- 

 pheres in the fluids of the wall and roughly half an atmosphere 

 less in the prolification. For the three large series the mean con- 

 stants for the abnormal whorl are 12.1, 7.0 and 6.5 percent lower 

 than the values for the fruit wall, which serves as a base for the 

 calculation of the percentages. 



The difference between the mean molecidar weight of the solutes 

 in the sap of the wall and the abnormal mass, as determined by 



Weight of solids 1860 

 Weight of water A * 



is the most variable from sample to sample of any of the constants. 

 Possibly this is due, to some extent, to the fact that an unavoid- 

 able experimental error, in any one of three distinct laboratory Opera- 

 tions involved in the determination of this constant, would influenae 

 the final result. However, the slight absolute Variation in mean 

 molecular weight seems to us to indicate a great reliability of the 

 constants. 



The mean molecular weight is of the order 120. There is 

 some evidence that this constant is somewhat higher for the solutes 

 of the abnormal tissues than for those of the fruit wall. 



The problem of the relative abimdance of electrolytes in the 

 normal and abnormal tissue is apparently of considerable impor- 

 tance, but is surrounded with serious technical difficulties. The 

 ratio of electrical conductance to depression of the freesing point, 

 k/A, is significantly higher in the sap from the wall than in that 

 from the abnormal tissue. This indicates that the concentration 

 of electrolytes is relatively higher in the fruit wall, while that of 

 non-electrolytes is higher in the sap of the teratological structure. 



Other evidences support the immediately foregoing conclusion. 

 Thus, the fact that the percentage difference between the sap from 

 the wall and that from the abnormal whorl of carpels is far larger 

 in the case of conductivity than for osmotic pressure, or specific 

 gravity, indicates that the differentiation of these two sets of tis- 



