354 Vitamines and Deficiency Diseases [June-September 



white-bread, and other vitamine-containing and vitamine-poor diets, 

 on cases of human tuberculosis of the lungs and on experimental 

 tiiberculosis in animals. 



The chief investigation on this phase of the general subject was 

 carried out, in the mines in the Rand, by Macaulay (48) who found 

 that the occurrence there of an epidemic of scurvy (which was 

 due, in his opinion, to the use of over-milled maize as staple foo.d) 

 had, as sequelae, large epidemics of pneumonia and meningitis, and 

 increases in the number of cases of tuberculosis. Especially in 

 pneumonia the administration of pneumococcic Vaccine was applied 

 without success. Macaulay then suggested that the maize should 

 be less extensively milled. The execution of this Suggestion proved 

 to be a great success, for not only did scurvy disappear but also with 

 it the occurrence of pneumonia. These data possess a great deal 

 of importance since the results were obtained for a large number of 

 cases: 2251 cases of pneumonia were reported in the year 1908, 

 with 686 deaths, which gave an incidence of 72.93 per 1000 and a 

 death rate of 22.23 P^'" thousand workmen. The incidence of 

 scurvy in one mine among the natives, for instance, was over 100 

 cases out of 700 natives, 



XIV. BIBLIOGRAPHY 

 Beriberi 



1. Caspari and Moszkowski: Beriberifrage; Deut. med. Wochschr., 



39, 1479, 1529, 1913- Weiteres zur Beriberifrage; Berl. klin. 

 Wochschr., 50, 1515, 1913. 



2. Abderhalden and Lampe: Gibt es lebenswichtige, bisher unbe- 



kannte Nahrungstoffe; Z. ges. exp. Med., i, 296, 1913. 



3. Shibayama : The present State of the study of beriberi in Japan ; 



Trans. XVII Congr. of Med., London, Sect. 21, Part II, 

 p. 87, 1913. 



4. Tasawa: Experimentelle Polyneuritis besonders bei Vögeln, im 



Vergleich zur Beriberi des Menschen; Z. f. exp. Path. u. 

 Ther., 17, 27, 191 5. 



5. Segawa: Ingestion of polished rice by chickens and pigeons; 



Mitt. med. Ges., Tokyo, 27, No. 7, 1914. Wesen der experi- 

 mentellen Polyneuritis der Hühner und der Tauben und ihre 

 Beziehungen zu Beriberi des Menschen; Virchow's Archiv, 

 215, 404, 19 14. 



