TRUE LATERAL HERMAPHRODITISM IN A PIG WITH FUNCTIONAL OVARY. 141 



tube. No special significance is attached to the fact that one of the corpora lutea 

 was slightly cystic, since this is a common occurrence in normal swine. The cortex 

 of the ovary contained primordial ova and there were numerous follicles of normal 

 type. Due consideration was given to the possibility that small masses of testicular 

 tissue might be present in the ovary; that is, that the organ might be an ovotestis 

 (as in one of Pick's cases, winch macroscopically closely resembles ours), but no 

 foreign tissue was found. 



The uterine mucosa was normal and similar in both horns. From the results 

 of studies on the cyclic changes in the uterine mucosa, now in preparation, the 

 author feels justified in stating that the uterus of this animal presented the micro- 

 scopic features characteristic of the period of oestrus. 



DISCUSSION. 



Owing to the fortunate circumstance that this pig passed into the butcher's 

 hands as a sexually mature animal just after an ovulation had occurred, we have 

 had a unique opportunity to study the physiological state of the ovary; indeed, 

 this is apparently the first sure case of glandular hermaphroditism in which there 

 is direct evidence of the discharge into the deferent duct of germ-cells from either 

 gonad. 



In the presence of a normal ovary containing very early corpora lutea, an ovum 

 in passage through the Fallopian tube, and a full-sized uterus histologically normal, 

 it seems more simple to consider this animal as functionally a female (at least as 

 far as the internal genitalia are concerned) in which a local malformation had sub- 

 stituted a functionless testis and an epididymis for one ovary and the corresponding 

 oviduct. In this respect the conditions are much like those of the previously 

 described examples of true hermaphroditism in swine (now numbering about 

 fifteen), in each of which the internal genitalia have been feminine as to gross 

 morphology, with a more or less well-developed uterus and a testis or ovotestis in 

 the anatomical position of the ovary. The opposite type of hermaphroditism — 

 the presence of an ovary or ovotestis at the usual site of the testis, with the genital 

 duct system resembling the male type — should it occur, is far less likely to be 

 observed by the anatomist because of the general custom of castration of boars 

 intended for the butcher. In three of the four cases in man, however, which were 

 summarized in the comprehensive review of L. Pick (1914), the hermaphrodite 

 gland was found in the inguinal canal. The male gland of our specimen was not 

 dissimilar to those of other cases. The close resemblance to the testes of ridglings, 

 the absence of germ-cells, the relatively numerous interstitial cells, the remarkably 

 complete epididymis, the persistent Wolffian duct, have all been commented upon 

 in previous reports. So fully elaborated and indubitable a male apparatus as 

 this must at once dispose of contentions such as that of Kermauner (1912), that 

 the germ-lacking organs of supposed hermaphrodites are merely examples of non- 

 differentiation from a neutral state of the gonadal primordium. In view of the 

 current debate as to the early history of the germ-cells in mammals, great interest 



