PROGRAM OF RESEARCH. 57 



you that the charcoal given on Thursday morning has made its appearance in 

 the stools. Under ordinary circumstances this will occur on Friday or 

 perhaps not until Saturday, 



15. Tri'ps to Boston: (a) On Saturday afternoon, Sept. 29, and every two 

 weeks hereafter, the squad will be taken to Boston. (6) On arriving a regu- 

 lation supper will be served at a restaurant and the squad then conducted to 

 the Nutrition Laboratory, (c) The evening will be spent in making various 

 tests and taking measurements on the subjects, (d) The squad will retire 

 and sleep in a large chamber constructed for the purpose of estimating the 

 basal metaboHsm of its occupants, (e) Breakfast will be served at the labor- 

 atory on Sunday morning, after which the squad will be free to spend the 

 day as it desires with the understanding that: (l) A low ration diet will be 

 adhered to at noon and evening. (2) No urine need be collected from 5^30°* 

 a. m. Sunday until S'^SO™ a. m. Monday. This period, in which urine is not 

 to be collected, ends with and includes the emptying of the bladder at exactly 

 5''30'° a. m. each Monday. The first passage of urine to be again collected 

 will be the first urination following that of 5^30"" a. m, which is discarded 

 only on each Monday morning. 



16. Respiration tests: Subjects will be numbered from 1 to 12. Nine 

 subjects will be examined daily according to a schedule to be made later. 

 These tests will be made before breakfast every day except on the Sundays 

 when the squad is in Boston. The time for these tests will be set so as not 

 to interfere with the regular class work of the students. 



In accordance with this agreement no food other than that served at 

 table could be eaten. The men were particularly cautioned against 

 the consumption of candies, peanuts, ices, etc., to which they were more 

 or less accustomed. The following measurements were made for the 

 most part with Squad A and also with Squad B during diet restriction : 



Urine and feces. — Twenty-four hour amounts of urine were collected 

 and the specific gravity and total nitrogen determined. To note the 

 possibility of digestive disturbance, feces were collected at various 

 intervals throughout the test. The nitrogen and total energy of the 

 feces were determined, these supplying a measure of the digestibility 

 of protein and total calories. 



Body-weight. — As the foremost index of body condition and state of 

 nutrition, body-weights were recorded under standard conditions, that 

 is, with the subject nude, in the post-absorptive state, with an empty 

 bladder, and without the previous drinking of water. Each weight 

 was checked, not only by a member of the squad, but by a represen- 

 tative of the Nutrition Laboratory, and the date and time recorded. 



Body-surface measurements. — To serve the dual purpose of giving a 

 record of the changes in body-surface and a general index of the physical 

 state, a series of body-surface measurements was made according to 

 the method of Du Bois. These measurements were supplemented by- 

 anatomical photographs taken at frequent intervals throughout the 

 test. 



Records of activity. — No one factor plays a greater role in the con- 

 sumption of energy than muscular activity. As the simplest index, 



