76 VITALITY AND EFFICIENCY WITH RESTRICTED DIET. 



dimensions required. These measurements were made frequently for 

 all of our subjects, not only to find the exact body-surface, but also to 

 indicate a typical series of representative circumferences that could be 

 studied with a view to noting the diminution in volume of the body as 

 the weight loss progressed. The heights were measured carefully on 

 a standard scale. Both the Du Bois measurements and the records 

 of the heights were made independently by two observers and every 

 reading of the tape or measuring-rod was checked. 



ANATOMICAL PHOTOGRAPHS. 



The Du Bois surface measurements were also useful in noting whether 

 there was uniform agreement between the surface measurements as 

 thus made and anatomical photographs of the subject, in accordance 

 with the singular relationship noted in the Nutrition Laboratory a year 

 or two ago.^ It was observed that when the shadow of the body in a 

 certain lateral pose was planimetered and compared with a photo- 

 graphed meter scale, the area thus computed bore a striking propor- 

 tionality to that measured by the Du Bois linear formula. Even with 

 the most diverse configuration of body and grotesque shapes this uni- 

 formity held true. To provide a double check upon the accuracy of the 

 Du Bois measurements and to show at a glance the general anatomical 

 condition of these men prior to and subsequent to the period of reduced 

 diet, a set of profile photographs was made for each subject. Only 

 one pose (pose C) was used.- These photographs thus served, first, 

 to indicate directly the general configuration of the body of the subject 

 studied; second, to show the changes in configuration as the loss in 

 weight progressed; third, to supply interesting comparisons for the area 

 as determined by the planimeter for comparison with that computed 

 from the Du Bois linear formula. 



ACTIVITY RECORDS. 



Although the pronounced influence of various forms of muscular activ- 

 ity upon the total metabolism and hence upon the total demands for food 

 is so great, it was admitted at the outset that exact records of muscular 

 activity of a group of 12 to 25 men, though desirable, were impossible. 

 On the other hand, since it could not be assumed that all the men would 

 have the same degree of muscular activity, we believed that we should 

 make every effort to obtain a quantitative idea of relative, if not abso- 

 lute, activity of the various members of Squad A. Records made with 

 the pedometer gave a crude index which was of great assistance and 

 not without quantitative value. All of the subjects were provided 

 with pedometers, which were worn continuously and which were read 



1 Benedict, Am. Journ. Physiol., 1916, 41, p. 275. 



* Pose C gives a profile view (from the left) of the subject standing at "attention," with the 

 left ann extended and the fingers separated. (See figs. 74 to 85, p. 240.) 



