PSYCHOLOGICAL PROGRAM AND TECHNIQUE. 



189 



mazes were constructed. From two aluminum sheets, 3 mm. in thick- 

 ness, paths were cut 6 mm. wide and arranged as the black design in 

 figure 54. The exact form of the pattern did not seem of prime 

 importance; the one selected was a form which had been used by Boring 

 in a learning experiment.^ The two longest paths in the pattern shown 

 at the extreme left and bottom were each 16 cm. long. A particular 

 effort was made to have the sides of the paths smooth and even. 

 When completed, the two mazes, A and B, were mounted, one directly- 

 above the other (see fig. 55). The lower maze, B, was completely 

 inclosed, except for an opening in the front, which was so placed as 

 to be convenient to the hand of the subject. As the subject looks down 

 on the upper surface of the box the lower maze, and the hand when in 

 position, were completely hidden from view. The vertical clearance 



Fig. 55. — The maze-tracing apparatus. 



A and B are two mazes of identical size and pattern. A is rotated 180° on B and mounted above 

 B in position for the subject to take the test of tracing B while looking at A. The subject 

 has full knowledge that he must move the pencil opposite to the directions indicated on A. 

 S, a wide rubber shield on the pencil, P, makes it impossible to place the finger at the pencil's 

 point. 



space inside the box above the lower maze was 11 cm. This was ample 

 space for the hand of the subject. A short blunt pencil P was fitted 

 with a wide, stiff rubber shield S, 7 cm. in diameter, and this made it 

 impossible, when the pencil was properly held, for the subject to place 

 the tip of his finger at the tip of the pencil, which might otherwise be 

 done for purpose of orientation. This pencil was taken in the right hand 

 and placed in the center of the lower maze. The forefinger of the sub- 

 ject's other hand was placed in the center of the upper maze, A, the one 

 which was visible to him. It was then explained that the two sets of 

 paths were of identical pattern, but that the one below had been rotated 

 180°, so that every motion indicated in the set of paths above must be 

 exactly reversed for the set below. The problem was to escape from 

 the maze below as quickly as possible, being guided by watching and 



* Boring, U. S. Government Hospital for the Insane, 1913, Bulletin No. 5, p. 51. 



