BODY TEMPERATURE. 259 



more from cold hands than from the strain of holding out their arms. 

 On this particular day the gymnasium was unheated and the air 

 particularly cold. 



It was also observed that as the experiment continued the men were 

 incUned to take more and more bed clothing into the group respira- 

 tion chamber for the biweekly night experiments. Frequently the 

 men would use not only their bath robes, but also their overcoats, 

 notwithstanding the fact that the temperature of the chamber did 

 not alter materially throughout the entire experiment. The lowest 

 temperature recorded inside the group respiration chamber at night 

 was 18.5° C. on November 24-25. As a matter of fact, one of the 

 highest temperatures (22.9° C.) was noted the night of January 12-13, 

 when the men were using an excessive amount of bed-covering. The 

 temperature of the air in the chamber remained for the most part 

 very close to 20° C, the total range being not more than 4° C. Since 

 practically all of the men slept at college with their windows more or 

 less open, the temperature of 20° C. in the respiration chamber must, 

 in practically all instances, have been considerably higher than that 

 to which they were regularly accustomed when sleeping. On the other 

 hand, the bed clothing supplied inside the respiration chamber was 

 somewhat less than the covering ordinarily used by the subjects, being 

 that which was considered sufficient in a room at 20° C. for the average 

 person on an ordinary diet. 



Evidently there was a distinct tendency with all of these men to be 

 not merely discommoded, but to suffer from the cold as the diet re- 

 striction proceeded. If heavier underwear and clothes had been pro- 

 vided prior to the lowering of the weight level it is probable that con- 

 siderable discomfort might have been avoided. Although there 

 was less heat loss than usual, the sensation of cold in the body was 

 very materially increased. It would thus appear that the process 

 of weight reduction necessarily demands increased clothing for 

 insulation to retard in so far as possible the loss of heat. 



The two subjects. Pec and Gul," give a striking illustration of the 

 extremes in temperature regulation. Although the oldest subject 

 (44 years). Pec was very active. He found it almost impossible to 

 keep warm, even with an excess amount of clothing. On the other 

 hand, Gul, in spite of the very severe winter, wore no underclothing 

 in the effort to keep down his weight. In other words, he preferred 

 to eat more and to increase radiation by wearing less clothing. It is 

 obvious, of course, that his line of reasoning was not strictly scientific, 

 but it was noted by all of us that Gul was a particularly active indi- 

 vidual. On the days when the series of motion pictures was taken 

 the other members of the squad gathered around a radiator and the 

 motion-picture operator was cold and inclined to wear an overcoat, 

 but Gul ran around in the unheated gymnasium with nothing on but 

 a swimming jockey strap. 



