544 VITALITY AND EFFICIENCY WITH RESTRICTED DIET. 



it is of very great importance to note that not only were these men 

 able to walk 10 km. at a very much less expenditure of energy than 

 prior to their diet restriction, but that per unit of work done the 

 figures for the horizontal kilogrammeter constants distinctly imply an 

 increase in efficiency. 



WALKING EXPERIMENTS WITH SQUAD A. 



Since only one series of experiments was made with Squad A and that 

 on the last day of diet restriction, the basal values for this group of 

 subjects prior to diet restriction are lacking. We must accordingly 

 rely for controls first upon the series with Squad B on full diet, and 

 second, so far as necessary, upon the series of observations made 

 upon normals in the Nutrition Laboratory. 



Such a comparison may reasonably be made, for, in the first place, 

 with Squads A and B we are dealing with similar groups of men; second, 

 the average nude weight of the individuals in the two squads differed 

 but 1 kg. from each other. The men were of reasonably uniform age, 

 and represent homogeneous material drawn from the college body. In 

 other words, the average body-weight and general condition of Squads 

 A and B were essentially the same prior to the reduction in diet, so that 

 any change in metabolism of Squad A as a whole may not illogically be 

 compared to the normal values for Squad B. Attention should, how- 

 ever, be called to the fact that Squad B did exhibit apparently a seasonal 

 variation, as pointed out in an earlier section. We are hereby assum- 

 ing that the same seasonal variation would have been shown by Squad 

 A; in other words, that the basal metabolism of Squad A would be as 

 low as that of Squad B. 



The preliminary standing tests with Squad A have been previously 

 discussed; the data which are used for the computation of the incre- 

 ments are drawn from table 137. 



The metabolism measurements and the computations for the heat 

 during walking have been summarized for all the members of Squad A 

 in table 142. The uniformity in distance walked is here again shown. 



The respiratory quotients, with three exceptions. Gar, Gul, and 

 Tom, are not far from those to be expected from men on the character 

 of the diet employed. It seems quite clear that the quotients over 0.90 

 are not correct. It may or may not be significant that two of these 

 high values, 0.89 and 0.93, are associated with the lowest horizontal 

 kilogrammeter factors. We see no reason, however, for excluding 

 these values from the averages. The total heat (column h) repre- 

 sents reasonably close conformity with the body-weight. The total 

 heat required in walking 10 km., as recorded in the last column, shows 

 the average for this squad is 484 calories. The actual amount of work 

 performed is given in column d, from which the heat output on the unit 

 basis of a horizontal kilogrammeter is obtained (column k). These 



