492 VITALITY AND EFFICIENCY WITH RESTRICTED DIET, 



tested on specially trained subjects, had never been used to any 

 extent on untrained subjects. Hence, during the first few days of the 

 experiment, the portable respiration apparatus was practically an 

 untried instrument, and the data obtained with it can not have the 

 scientific value of those obtained on the respiratory-valve apparatus. 

 Our discussion of the results, therefore, especially of the basal meta- 

 bolism prior to diet restriction, must deal more particularly with the 

 values found with the respiratory- valve apparatus. In most in- 

 stances, however, the values for oxygen consumption secured with the 

 portable respiration apparatus have been averaged with the other 

 results. After the first few days the results with both forms of 

 apparatus are considered of equal value. 



The chief responsibility for the experimental work with the portable 

 respiration apparatus at Springfield devolved upon Mr. Louis E. 

 Emmes, whose experience with the apparatus led to the betterment 

 of the technique. Mr. Edward L. Fox hkewise made a large number 

 of the respiration experiments with this apparatus. 



INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENTS OF BASAL METABOLISM, SQUAD A. 



The data regarding the normal basal metabolism of Squad A have 

 been recorded in table 113, which gives the body-weight without cloth- 

 ing, height, body-surface as calculated from the height-weight chart, 

 average oxygen consumption per minute, respiratory quotient, and the 

 heat computed from the gaseous metabolism on several bases — i. e., 

 per hour, per 24 hours, per kilogram per 24 hours, and per square meter 

 per 24 hours — and finally, the predicted heat from a series of equa- 

 tions recently published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington.^ 

 The differences, absolute as well as percentile, between the values 

 computed per 24 hours and those predicted are given in the last 

 columns of the table. This table gives results obtained for all the 

 men in Squad A, including Fre, Spe, and Kon; the three last were 

 members of the squad for only a part of the experiment. Additional 

 data are included for one member of Squad B {Ham), whose basal 

 metabolism was determined on several occasions prior to the period 

 of diet restriction in some tests of the apparatus. 



An examination of the figures in this table reveals nothing unusual. 

 The average respiratory quotient for Squad A (excluding Bro) is 0.80. 

 The average values for the heat, computed on the various bases are per 

 kilogram per 24 hours, 25.5 calories, and per square meter per 24 hours, 

 949 calories. The normality of these figures on the whole is indicated 

 by the fact that the average respiratory quotient of 89 men as reported 

 from this Laboratory^ was 0.83 as against 0.80 found in the normal 



» Harris and Benedict, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 279, 1919. 



* Benedict, Emmes, Roth, and Smith, Journ. Biol. Chem., 1914, 18, p. 139. 



