PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ENDURANCE. 645 



November 15. On this date the food reduction had been in force for 

 over 40 days/ and the ingestion had actually been somewhat increased 

 for maintenance. 



From the total averages for the 12 men, it will be seen that the 

 highest average, 8.41 miles, falls at the time of the Thanksgiving 

 recess when the men were free from college duties and were on an 

 uncontrolled diet. That these conditions made a difference in the 

 activity is certain. There are variations in the total weekly averages, 

 but in general these can not be regarded as large. The extreme range, 

 omitting the Thanksgiving recess, is from 5.57 to 8.16 miles per day 

 per man. The latter figure comes at the beginning of the experiment, 

 when possibly psychological factors and weather conditions would 

 naturally favor a large record. Excluding the Thanksgiving and 

 Christmas recesses, the average values for the entire squad are October, 

 7.0 miles, November, 6.4 miles, December, 6.8 miles, and January, 6.2 

 miles per day. 



The striking increase in the miles walked by Vea during the Christ- 

 mas vacation, combined with the fact that he was at this time on 

 uncontrolled diet, led us to think that throughout the entire research 

 there might be some close correlation between the actual energy of 

 food taken and the miles walked, i. e., with more food there was more 

 inclination to walk. It was found that not only Vea but practically 

 all the members of Squad A apparently showed a correlation between 

 these values in that a somewhat liberal diet was coincidental with a 

 greater amount of walking. That this is a case of du-ect cause and 

 effect is by no means proved. The more liberal diet was almost invari- 

 ably associated with absence from college, i. e., the Thanksgiving and 

 Christmas recesses, with more time available for and possibly inclina- 

 tion for walking. 



FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PEDOMETER RECORDS. 



No great significance should be attached to the pedometer readings 

 without due consideration of the factors influencing them, as otherwise 

 they might lead to false conclusions. As pointed out earUer, the pedom- 

 eter actually records the up-and-down motion of the body and is sup- 

 posed to be used exclusively for indicating the distance walked in 

 horizontal forward progression. As previously stated, from the various 

 activities of the men in these squads, we are certain that the pedometer 

 readings may not be directly considered as so many miles walked, 

 especially when we are attempting to attribute a quantitative energy 

 value to the several readings. In other words, each unit recorded on the 

 pedometer may by no means have the same calorific significance. Thus, 

 in going upstairs, each step requires much more energy than a step in 



iPour of the subjects, Kon, Mon, Moy, and Tom, show their highest walking record in the 

 Thanksgiving recess, and Vea his surprisingly high record during the Christmas vacation. As 

 may be seen from his individual records in table 191, on December 31 Vea took an unusually long 

 walk. The second highest record for Vea was during the Thanksgiving recess. 



