GASEOUS METABOLISM DURING STANDING. 527 



GASEOUS METABOLISM WITH STANDING POSITION. 



In obtaining the basal values for a series of treadmill experiments 

 at the Nutrition Laboratory, individual measurements were made 

 with the men in both squads standing prior to walking, i. e., on the 

 mornings of January 6 and 28 with Squad B and on the morning of 

 February 3 with Squad A. With Squad B the values determined 

 on the morning of January 6 were prior to the diet restriction; those 

 found on the morning of January 28 were after 3 weeks of low diet. 

 With Squad A the measurements were made on the last morning of the 

 experiment. This experimental material, while collected in a some- 

 what unsatisfactory manner, since only one experiment of two periods 

 was made with the portable respiration apparatus for each subject, 

 supplies interesting evidence regarding two important points. The 

 data regarding the basal metabolism were measured in these standing 

 experiments under exactly the same experimental conditions as the 

 minimum values obtained with the group respiration chamber in that 

 they were secured with the subject in the post-absorptive condition 

 and without muscular activity, other than that required for standing, 

 and, with Squad B, both before and after diet restriction. On the other 

 hand, the values for the standing position would be expected to be 

 distinctly higher than those measured with the group respiration 

 chamber, since in the latter apparatus the subjects were lying in deep 



sl PPT) 



GASEOUS METABOLISM WITH STANDING POSITION. SQUAD B. 



With Squad B a comparison may be made of the values obtained with 

 the subject in the standing position before and after diet reduction; 

 such a comparison is made in table 136. These values give us not 

 only the average value for the whole squad, but likewise enable us to 

 study the changes in the metabohsm of individual members of the 

 squad. Since the heat production per minute is used in subsequent 

 tables for the calculation of the metabolism during the treadmill 

 experiments, it is retained in table 136, but the values of special 

 interest to us in this discussion are those computed for the heat pro- 

 duction per kilogram per hour for January 6 and for January 28. The 

 decrease in the heat production on this basis as a result of the reduc- 

 tion in diet, also the percentage of decrease, are recorded in the last 

 two columns of the table, the data obtained on January 6, with 

 normal diet, being used as the basal values. As the personnel of the 

 squad changed somewhat between these two dates, and How found 

 difficulty in breathing through the mouthpiece of the apparatus (see 

 page 535), the values for only 10 men are available for comparison. 



From the data in table 136 we find that after 3 weeks of low diet 

 each man in Squad B showed a decrease in the heat output per kilo- 

 gram per hour which ranged from a minimum of 0.11 calorie with Sne 

 to a maximum of 0.29 calorie with Tho, with an average of 0.17 calorie 



