GASEOUS METABOLISM DURING STANDING. 529 



individuals in the lying position would have no significance in this con- 

 nection. A group comparison can be made, however. If we com- 

 pare the values found in table 134 with those given in table 136, we 

 find that the basal metabolism with the subjects lying quietly on the 

 night of January 6 was, for Squad B, 0.98 calorie per kilogram per 

 hour. The average value for the standing position as determined with 

 the portable respiration apparatus on the morning of January 6 was 

 1.22 calories per kilogram per hour, an increment of approximately 24 

 per cent of standing over lying in complete muscular repose. The basal 

 value found with the whole group on January 28 when the subjects were 

 lying quietly in the large respiration chamber was 0.85 calorie. To 

 compare with this we have the average value of 1.04 calorie on the 

 morning of January 28. Under these conditions the increase in 

 metabolism due to standing may be taken as 22 per cent. Thus, 

 although there has been an actual decrease in the metabolism as a 

 result of the restriction in diet, not only with the subjects asleep and 

 quiet, but likewise when they were standing and quiet, the influence 

 of the standing upon the basal metabolism is practically identical 

 under the contrasting conditions of diet, namely, an increase in the heat 

 production per kilogram of body-weight due to standing of 22 to 24 per 

 cent. 



GASEOUS METABOLISM WITH STANDING POSITION, SQUAD A. 



With Squad A no standing experiments were made with the portable 

 respiration apparatus prior to the restriction in diet, the only experi- 

 ment being that on the last day of the low-diet research (February 3) . 

 We are thus unable to determine the effect of the reduction in diet upon 

 the metabolism in the standing position. We may, however, observe 

 the effect of a change in position when the subject is at this low level of 

 metabolism. To compare with the standing values obtained on Feb- 

 ruary 3 we have basal data secured during experiments with one or the 

 other of the respiration apparatus in Springfield one or two days prior 

 to the date of the standing experiment, when the subjects were lying 

 quietly and in the post-absorptive condition. The comparison between 

 these values is made in table 137. 



The average basal lying value for these men as shown in table 137 

 is 0.96 calorie per kilogram of body-weight per hour. The average 

 standing value is 1.07 calories. With each individual in Squad A an 

 increment is noted in the standing values for February 3 over those 

 obtained with the subject lying quietly on the respiration apparatus 

 in Springfield. These increments are recorded in the next to the last 

 column of table 137, and in the last column are given the percentage 

 increases for standing over lying. The percentage increases range 

 from 2 per cent with Kon to a maximum of 19.8 per cent with Moy. 

 The average for all subjects is 11.4 per cent; in other words, the stand- 

 ing position increased the metabolism 11.4 per cent above that obtained 

 in the lying position. 



