GASEOUS METABOLISM DURING STANDING. 531 



The minimum heat production of Squad A found with the group 

 respiration chamber the night before (the night of February 2-3) 

 was 0.89 calorie per kilogram per hour instead of the average of 0.96 

 calorie shown in table 137 for the metaboHsm in the lying position. 

 If we use this 0.89 calorie as a basal value for comparison with the 

 average value of 1.07 calories obtained in the standing position on 

 February 3, we find an increase over the minimum value during the 

 night of 0.18 calorie. On this basis the increment over lying is 20.2 

 per cent, which compares favorably with the increase due to standing 

 of 22 per cent found with Squad B by a similar method of comparison. 

 Both values are, however, measurably higher than the average increase 

 for Squad A of 11.4 per cent found in table 137, in which the basal 

 value used was that obtained in the lying experiments in Springfield 

 made with respiration apparatus similar to that used for the standing 

 experiments. 



CONCLUSIONS REGARDING STANDING EXPERIMENTS. 



The standing experiments therefore show conclusively that with 

 the reduced diet there was a decrease in the metabolism per kilogram 

 of body- weight, even when the subjects were standing quietly, which 

 amounted to about 14 per cent with the men in Squad B. This 

 decrease was approximately that found with the same squad lying 

 quietly inside the group respiration chamber. 



The standing experiments further show that with Squad B the re- 

 duction in the metabohsm due to the restriction in diet was experienced 

 by each man in the squad, with a reasonably constant percentage 

 decrease per kilogram of body-weight of about 14 per cent. In other 

 words, there was no marked predisposition on the part of any of the 

 men either for or against this reduction, the decreases ranging from 

 9.5 to 22.1 per cent. In consideration of the fact that these values 

 were all obtained in experiments made rather rapidly and but few in 

 number, the agreement is somewhat striking, to say the least. The 

 general picture for the squad is perfectly clear, namely, a pronounced 

 reduction due to the diet, even in the standing position, with a fair 

 degree of uniformity for the individual members of the squad. 



A comparison of the standing experiments with the results obtained 

 with the subjects in the lying position gives an increment for the stand- 

 ing position over the lying position of 22 to 24 per cent with Squad B 

 and of 20.2 per cent with Squad A, when the basal value used is that 

 obtained with the group respiration chamber. When the average 

 value for Squad A found in the individual measurements with the 

 respiration apparatus in Springfield is taken for the basal lying value, 

 the increment is reduced nearly one-half, i. e., to about 11 per cent. 



