GASEOUS METABOLISM DURING WALKING. 535 



that the basal metabolism standing is one of the best base-lines for 

 maintenance activity for deduction from the total gaseous metaboUsm 

 during walking. 



The observations of the gaseous metabolism during walking included 

 two series of experiments with Squad B on January 6 and 28, and one 

 series of experiments with Squad A on February 3. The first series 

 with Squad B was made when the men were on full diet, the second 

 when they had been on a much reduced diet for 20 days. The single 

 series of experiments with Squad A was made at the end of the research, 

 when the men had been on low diet with some intermissions for about 

 4 months. These walking experiments were preceded in all cases by 

 basal standing experiments. 



WALKING EXPERIMENTS WITH NORMAL DIET, SQUAD B. 



The series of experiments on January 6 was made specially to serve 

 as a base-line for subsequent experiments after diet restriction. Un- 

 fortunately, on January 6 an accident to the Sonden gas-analysis 

 apparatus after walking experiments had been made with 5 subjects 

 rendered it impossible to determine the oxygen consumption and 

 to compute the respiratory quotient for the other 7 men on that date. 

 The average quotient obtained with the 5 subjects was therefore 

 used for these 7 men and the heat was calculated from this average 

 figure. Fortunately, the carbon-dioxide measurements in all cases 

 are satisfactory. How, on both January 6 and 28, had difficulty in 

 using the mouthpiece in the standing experiments; consequently the 

 oxygen consumption for this subject in the standing position was not 

 obtained directly, but was calculated from his body-weight, and the 

 average oxygen consumption per kilogram of body-weight of the other 

 members of the squad on these dates. The results of the basal stand- 

 ing experiments have been discussed in a previous section (see p. 

 527), and find use in the subsequent calculations. 



The method of calculation for a typical walking experiment has been 

 given in the technique section (see p. 136). It is unnecessary here 

 to present all the protocols, but it is important to note that the tem- 

 perature of the air inside the chamber in all series of experiments, 

 with both Squad A and Squad B, was within a narrow range — ^with 

 Squad B on January 6 ranging from 21.37° C. to 23.45° C. On January 

 28, with the same squad, the range was from 19.90° C. to 21.67° C. 

 With Squad A, on February 3, the temperatures were slightly higher, 

 the range being from 19.59° C. to 22.86° C. In individual experiments 

 the difference in temperature readings at the beginning and the end 

 rarely exceeded 0.5° C. 



The moisture accumulated slowly as the experiment progressed, 

 but at no time became excessive. Expressed in percentages, the in- 

 crease in humidity was usually from 3 to 10 per cent. The average 



