PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS. 585 



to 51.6 kg.). The individuals indicate some change between the two 

 groups of sessions. The most marked is in the case of How, whose low- 

 diet average with the left hand of 40.0 differs widely from his normal 

 average of 55.8 kg. He also shows a change in the same direction, but 

 not so large, with the right hand, of 59.8 as compared with 62.6 kg. 

 In their fluctuations the subjects are about equally divided, for exam- 

 ple: with the right hand, 5 of them, Fis, Har, Ham, Liv, and Tho, show 

 somewhat better results under the reduced diet condition, while the 

 remaining subjects, and How in particular, show decreases. 



The strength of grip data taken in the morning sessions are given 

 in tables 163 and 164. This test was given in the same way as in the 

 evening and with similar instructions. Averages are recorded for the 

 5 alternate trials with each hand. The standard deviation and coeffi- 

 cient of variabiUty are also included for each average. It is unneces- 

 sary to comment upon the features of the individual data in these 

 tables. In general they are consistent with those shown for the evening 

 tests by the same subjects. The general average for the morning is 

 definitely below that of the evening. In the case of Squad A the aver- 

 age for the right hand in the morning is 46.9 as compared to 48.1 kg. in 

 the evening, and 43.3 as compared to 44.7 kg. in the evening with the 

 left hand. With Squad B the normal average for the right hand in the 

 morning is 52.9 and in the evening 55.1 kg. For the left hand it is 

 49.9 in the morning and 51.6 kg. in the evening. The low-diet aver- 

 ages also exhibit the same tendency: Right hand, morning, 52.7, even- 

 ing, 56.1; left hand, morning, 47.5, evening, 50.9 kg. In general the 

 morning results for strength of grip are 2 or 3 kilograms below those of 

 the previous evening. 



The data for the two squads may be most conveniently compared if 

 plotted as curves. Figures 107 and 108 give the averages for the 

 evening and morning tests, respectively. In figure 107 both curves for 

 Squad A are definitely below those for B.^ The right-hand curve is, 

 in both cases, distinctly above that for the left hand. Squad A does 

 slightly better in the second experiment than in the first, and from this 

 point there is a gradual decline most prominent with the left hand. 

 There is a rise with the left hand on January 12, the right remaining at 

 the lower level but the left hand curve drops down again on January 26 

 and February 2. With B the right-hand curve shows a general but 

 slight and intermittent improvement. The left hand curve has a re- 

 verse course, but the decline is also small, and not so conspicuous as 

 in the case of Squad A. In the last three experiments (the low-diet 

 period) there is no marked change. 



1 Williams (Arch. Intern. Med., 1917, 20, p. 399), in his study of the Allen fasting treatment 

 on the physical vigor of diabetics, measured the strength of grip with a Collins dynamometer. He 

 found diabetics to be distinctly weaker than normal people. Muscular vigor in any subject waa 

 proportional to food tolerance rather than to the quantity ingested. 



