The Carnegie's Cruises, 1909-16 171 



endangering the safety of the vessel. The following interesting extract is taken from his 

 report, dated Reykjavik, August 27, 1914: 



"After leaving Hammerfest it was planned to make a short trip into the Barents Sea towards 

 Nova Zembla, but, head winds being encountered, the course was shaped for Spitzbergen. We 

 were becalmed 2 days off Bear Island, after which fair winds prevailed until July 31, when ice was 

 sighted about 30 miles south of South Cape, the southernmost point of Spitzbergen. A few hours 

 later we were headed off by the solid ice-pack, but the western edge of the pack could be seen and 

 we knew that by standing to the westward it would be possible to clear it. This flow did not extend 

 far into the sea west of Spitzbergen, having drifted down from Stor Fiord to the eastward of Spitz- 

 bergen. Standing to the westward, we cleared the ice, and, being favored with fair winds and good 

 weather, continued northward. 



"On August 2, all plans were made to swing ship the next day north of latitude 80°, the engine 

 being in running order. That night the southwesterly wind increased to a gale, making it necessary 

 for us to heave-to and try to get south, as the sohd polar ice-pack was only about 50 miles to the 

 northward. Our farthest north, therefore, was latitude 79° 52(3. After 4 days of head winds we 

 again had favorable winds, but for 4 days we saw nothing of the Sun, and consequently secured no 

 magnetic-declination observations. Off the northeast coast of Iceland another head wind was 

 encountered, which lasted 7 days. 



"On August 21, the day of the eclipse, we had our first clear weather for 2 weeks and had a fine 

 view of the echpse, getting numerous photographs and noting times of contact. From there to 

 Reykjavik, where we arrived on August 24, the trip was without incident, with the exception of 2 

 days of head winds, just before entering the harbor." 



On account of local disturbances in the general neighborhood of Reykjavik, it was not 

 deemed worth while to attempt swings until after leaving Reykjavik. Various shore sta- 

 tions were occupied, as also Dr. Angenheister's station of 1910. The necessary shore 

 observations and standardizations of the ocean instruments having been completed, the 

 Carnegie sailed from Reykjavik on September 13, bound for Greenport, Long Island. She 

 arrived at the latter port on October 12; after the completion of the shore and harbor 

 observations, both in terrestrial magnetism and atmospheric electricity, she proceeded to 

 Brooklyn and was berthed at Beard's Yacht Basin on October 21. (See PI. 16, Fig. 5.) 



The Carnegie, on this cruise, thus reached a high northerly latitude and secured a valu- 

 able series of observations in a region of high magnetic latitude. The largest value of the 

 magnetic inclination was 81 ?3, the horizontal intensity at tliis point being 0.082 of a c. g. s. 

 unit. The total length of the cruise was 9,560 miles, the average day's run being 114 miles. 



As evidence of the promptness with which the results of the magnetic observations 

 obtained on board the Carnegie may be made known, the following facts are cited: The 

 values of the magnetic declination (the variation of the compass, as the mariners call it) 

 obtained on the portion of the cruise from Long Island Sound to Hammerfest, June 10 to 

 July 2, 1914, were printed in the number of the Journal of Terrestrial Magnetism and 

 Atmospheric Electricity wliich was issued on September 1, 1914; the values observed from 

 Hammerfest to Reykjavik, July 26 to August 23, 1914, were received at Washington on 

 September 21, and those from Reykjavik to Greenport, September 15 to October 11, on 

 October 16. The values of the other magnetic elements (incUnation and intensity) were 

 received at Washington at the same time as the declination values. 



In general it was found that, for nearly the entire cruise from Long Island Sound to 

 Hammerfest, and thence to Reykjavik, the chart values of west compass-direction were too 

 low, as compared with the values observed aboard the Carnegie, by amounts reaching 

 nearly 4° for one chart. The general result found on this cruise was thus in entire agree- 

 ment with that announced for the first cruise of the Carnegie, New York to Falmouth, 

 England, in 1909. 



As in previous cruises, much interest was shown in the work of the Carnegie, and many 

 courtesies were extended at the ports visited. (For abstracts of log and summary, see pp. 

 348-349.) 



