The Carnegie's Cruises, 1909-16 175 



After a stay of nearly 7 weeks, the Carnegie again left Lyttelton (PL 17, Fig. 5) for the 

 last time on this cruise, being towed out to sea on May 17 by the tugboat Lyttelton. Light 

 head winds and calms were encountered, so the engine was started to gain an offing, running 

 all night. For five days the wind held northeast, forcing the vessel well toward the 

 Chatham Islands. May 22 was repeated, on crossing the 180th meridian. On May 23 favor- 

 able winds were encountered for the first time, and for three days fair winds were enjoyed. 

 Then northerly winds and calms made it necessary for the course to be taken westward 

 near the Kermadec Islands. On June 1 the wind was again favorable, but thereafter until 

 arrival at Pago Pago, it was necessary to sail close-hauled, with northeast to northwest 

 winds. Landfall was made with some difficulty on account of the heavy clouds and squalls 

 hanging over the island. Observations were carried out as usual during the passage. No 

 magnetic-decUnation observations were obtained on May 30 and June 4 on account of 

 clouds. Considerable lightning and thunder attended the squally weather. The new 

 gooseneck on the upper topsail yard carried away on May 27, and was replaced with the 

 extra one ordered at Lyttelton. The engine was operated to get offshore when leaving 

 Lyttelton, to clear Savage Island during a calm on June 4, and to enter the harbor of Pago 

 Pago on June 7. The time of passage was 22 days, with a daily run of 118 miles, for a 

 total of 2,595 miles. 



The shore observations having been completed, the Carnegie left Pago Pago on June 19, 

 under her own power. The engine operated well, taking the vessel out against a stiff head 

 trade wind. The wind was too strong outside to allow making to windward of Tutuila, 

 so the Carnegie went around the west end. The Union Group was weathered, but the wind 

 broke off to the north of east, compelling the vessel to go to leeward of the main Phoenix 

 Group. The wind held north of east, forcing the Carnegie considerably to the westward of 

 the route planned ; however, the crossings with previous tracks were made at the points 

 desired. No storms or calms were encountered. The hot weather was very trying, but 

 the party, with two or three exceptions, kept well. Magnetic declinations were obtained 

 twice daily, with two exceptions. The average difference, without regard to sign, between 

 the results obtained by the two observers at the colhmating compass was 3' for the 51 

 determinations. This aifords some evidence as to the character of the weather and 

 conditions encountered. Port Apra, Guam, was reached on Monday, July 17, 1916. The 

 total run from Pago Pago was 3,987 miles, giving a daily average of 147 miles for the 

 27-day trip. 



At Port Apra, connection was made with the Galilee observations of 1907 and extensive 

 intercomparisons of all instruments were made. The Carnegie sailed from Port Apra on 

 August 7, bound for San Francisco. The track followed was arranged to cross as frequently 

 as possible the previous tracks of the Galilee and the Carnegie, and to obtain additional 

 magnetic data in regions where most needed. For 7 days continuous heavy gales were 

 encountered from the southwest, making it necessary to heave to for 2 days in succession, 

 August 9 and 10. The vessel was thus driven northward and compelled to follow very 

 closely the track of the Galilee from Guam to Japan, up to the point where the many tracks 

 intersect (see Plate 20). This was the worst spell of bad weather the Carnegie had thus 

 far encountered. After August 17, moderate weatherwas experienced. There was consider- 

 able fog and cloudiness, but, with four exceptions, observations for decUnation were obtained 

 daily. The engine was operated frequently, for a total of 90 hours, during calms and 

 for swinging ship. On August 26, the vessel was swung for intensity and inclination obser- 

 vations, both helms. On August 27, a decUnation swing was started, but after 5 headings 

 had been completed clouds prevented further observations. Fog was recorded on 12 

 days and rain or mist on 34 days. 



On September 20, the Carnegie was becalmed off the coast of California, so the engine was 

 operated, and after a 24-hour run San Francisco was reached on September 21. Fortu- 



