Auxiliary Observations on the Carnegie 



Final Summary for Cruises of the Carnegie, 1909-1916 (September 21). 



Table 71. 



357 



Total length of cruises 1909 to September 21, 1916 : 160,615 miles. 

 Total time at sea: 1,353 days. Average day's run : 1 19 miles. 



The total number of days the Carnegie was in commission from September 1, 1909, 

 to September 21, 1916, counting out the periods February 18 to June 19, 1910, December 20, 

 1913, to June 7, 1914, and October 22, 1914, to March 5, 1915, when the vessel was at 

 Brooklyn, is 2,151 days. Since 1,353 days were spent at sea, the remaining days, 798, 

 are to be ascribed to the time consumed at ports in shore observations and comparisons 

 of instruments, computations, repairs, and outfitting. 



AUXILIARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE CARNEGIE. 



In addition to observations in terrestrial magnetism, the scientific work aboard the 

 Carnegie, as far as time and conditions permitted, included atmospheric electricity. An 

 account of this work will be found in the special report on results in atmospheric elec- 

 tricity (see pp. 361-422). 



Furthermore, observations were made regularly to determine the amount of atmos- 

 pheric refraction by measuring the dip of the horizon with the dip-of-horizon measurer 

 (Kimmtiefenmesser), by Carl Zeiss of Jena. A future special report will deal with this 

 subject. 



Meteorological observations were made to the following extent: Every 4 hours at sea, 

 the wind direction and force were noted. At the same time, temperatures of the sea- 

 surface and the air were recorded and readings of the wet-bulb thermometer were taken. 

 In addition to these usual meteorological notes, special observations were made at Green- 

 wich mean noon according to the fonns prepared by the United States Weather Bureau for 

 observations at sea. The ship's aneroids were controlled, from time to time, by special 

 boiling-point observations at sea and by port comparisons with standard barometers, when- 

 ever opportunity afforded. Beginning at Dutch Harbor, Alaska, special attention was 

 also paid to occurrences of thunder at sea (see pp. 325 and 326). 



The Greenwich mean noon observations, together with notes on more or less closely 

 aUied phenomena (storms, polar lights, unusual meteorological events, etc.), were regularly 

 transmitted to the United States Weather Bureau for discussion along with the ocean data 

 received by that Bureau from other sources. 



SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS. 



Numerous investigations have been made with reference to various matters which 

 have come up, from time to tune, in connection with the many interesting problems pre- 

 sented in the course of the scientific work on the Galilee and the Carnegie. Some of these 

 have already been fully treated in various sections of this volume. Others, for lack of 

 time and space, have only been referred to. Still others could receive no mention at all. 

 It is hoped that there will be opportunity to give in detail some of the additional investiga- 

 tions in future volumes. Our first endeavor has been to give the main results of the 

 ocean work to date. 



