THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



89 



cla}' sub-soil or wliere there is plow sole or hard-pan, I have seen trees 

 planted in blasted lioles tliat made two or three times the p^rowth of the 

 trees planted in non-blasted holes. By allowing? these holes to remain 

 open, sun and air permeate into the earth and by planting time the 

 chunks of earth blown out by blasting will be in a finely pulverized 

 condition. The first r;iins get deeply into the earth and settle the soil 

 which has been loosened up by blasting. If ])lasting is not done, the 

 hole should be dug at least 2 feet by 2 feet by 2^ feet deep. 



PLOWING. 



Before planting a walnut grove attention should be paid to leveling 

 the ground. Any little high places should be scraped off and all sags 

 filled in. The groimd should be graded so that in irrigating there will 



Fig. 39. — A seven-year-old Eureka grove. 

 (Original.) 



be an equal distribution of water. Drainage should also be considered 

 in preparing the soil, as after the orchard is planted it is inconvenient 

 and sometimes impossible to put the land in shape. 



Having chosen your soil, it should be plowed deeply and harrowed 

 imtil it is in a fine state of cultivation. It is well to plow under a good 

 heavy cover crop the spring previous and allow the ground to lie fallow 

 during the summer; but as time is one of the elements in producing a 

 walnut grove, one can not always do this. 



