17() THE MONl'HLY BULLETIN. 



very slowly at first and with strong a.oitation to insure a thorough 

 mixture of oil and water. The proportions for spray mixtures may 

 be calculated from the total amount of oil in the miscible form. If 

 the cresol soap is dissolved in six times its volume of oil the resulting 

 mixture contains 93.4 per cent of oil to make a 7 per cent oil emulsion 

 7.5 gallons of the miscible oil would be added to 92.5 gallons of water. 



The first combination of cresylic acid, fish oil and soda is the real 

 soap or emulsifier, as it is spoken of in eastern literature, the kerosene 

 and water being added to prevent it from hardening. At this stage 

 it is a very dark colored liquid which forms a beautiful emulsion by 

 the addition of water. It may be used as a disinfectant for poultry 

 houses, but is too strong and besides too expensive for spraying plants 

 or trees. 



Miscible oils are the ideal form for making emulsions and merit more 

 attention from the manufacturer and the user than they have received. 

 If well made they are as permanent in structure as the commercial 

 emulsions, if not more so, containing all the active ingredients of the 

 latter, their only difference being in the amount of water contained. 

 They make as good a spray as emulsions made in any other way, if not 

 a better, require less storage space with a corresponding saving in 

 freight, and place in the hands of the user a concentrated article, 

 convenient to handle, less liable to revert with long standing, and 

 ready at an instant's notice for use. The emulsions from miscible oils 

 are, however, more expensive than some of the other emulsions, and in 

 some eastern publications are reported as more dangerous to foliage 

 and even to dormant trees than those made with soap or mechanical 

 mixtures. 



LESSONS GATHERED FROM THE YEAR 1915.* 



By C. C. Teague, General Manager. Linioneira Orchard Company, 



Santa Paula, California. 



The year 1915 has gone on record as the most disastrous in the 

 history of the lemon business, the California lemon crop having been 

 marketed at a loss of approximately thirty cents per packed box to 

 the grower. The bad results obtained were due to several causes. 



The reduction of the protective tariff from one and one-half cents 

 per pound to one-half cent per pound permitted the importation of 

 heavy supplies of foreign lemons during the spring and early summer 

 months in the face of the largest California crop that the State had 

 ever produced. Competition thus forced prices to a ruinously low 

 level in the early spring, and the summer following was the coldest 

 known in history all over the United States. A heavy supply of stored 

 fruit, much of which was aged and in bad condition, was forced on to 

 the mai'kot w^hen there was little demand. The result was an almost 

 completely demoralized market condition. 



Post-mortems are usually held, not for the benefit of the dead, but for 

 the living. Adversity, tribulation and even death often result in 



♦Address before Uie Special Citrus Convention, February lilth, San r.ernardino, 

 California. 



