MONTHLY BULLETIN. 275 



requires an early spray for its control, often played havoc willi the 

 fruit crop because of the impossibility of spraying early. Being a man 

 of a progressive nature, Mr. Keecl conceived the idea, seven years ago, 

 of laying pipes throughout his orchard through which the spray could 

 be forced from a central pumping plant, and spraying could be done 

 at any time that men could walk among the trees. Since that time he 

 has demonstrated that such a system is practical, efficient and econom- 

 ical in its operation, and as the gasoline power outfit has superseded 

 the old hand pump, so it is safe to predict that in the larger orchards at 

 least, the piping system will supersede the gasoline power outfit. 



At present the Kced cquipnicnt consists of a "Bean Giant" 4-cylin- 

 der pump located in the center of liis orchard, and run by an 

 electric motor. From the pump a J-inch pipe is laid 18 inches deep, 

 and extends throughout the entire length of the orchard in an easterly 

 and westerly direction. Every fourteen rows apart and at right angles 

 to the main pipe other 4 -inch pipes with service cocks every fourteenth 

 tree extend in a northerly and southerly direction across the orchard. 

 These pipes are laid midway between the tree rows, and are deep enough 

 so that there is no danger of a plow disturbing them. The rows of trees 

 are 174 feet apart and the trees in rows 20 feet so that a 200-foot lead 

 of hose attached to a service cock will reach and handily spray 196 trees. 

 Two men are required to handle each hose and herein lies a possible 

 weakness in the Reed system which can be remedied by laying the 

 pipes closer together and providing more service cocks. In the Gammon 

 system, a description of which follows, this difficulty has been overcome, 

 and only one man is required to handle a single lead of hose, which is 

 only 75 feet. 



GAMMON SYSTEM. 



Fig. 92 is an accurate map of the underground spraying system in 

 E. A. Gammon's orchard, as it was originally planned. A slight' 

 modification of this system was finally adopted and will be explained 

 later. 



The heavy lines in map indicate the pipe lines extending throughout 

 the 100 acre orchard, and the light lines represent tree rows. The 

 pumping plant is located in tlie extreme southwestern corner of the 

 picture. A "Bean Giant" 4-cylinder pump (Fig. 93c) is used to force 

 the spray throughout the system, the power for running the machinery 

 being derived from an electric motor. Water is raised from the river 

 with a 1^-inch centrifugal pump through the pipe D into the tank A. 

 The dilute insecticide or fungicide flows by gravity through pipe E 

 into delivery tank B, which is equipped with a powerful agitator that 

 keeps the spray well mixed. From tank B the liquid is pumped into 

 the system at a pressure of 350 pounds at the pump. This pressure 

 is sufficient to give a strong spraying pressure at nozzles at the points 

 farthest away from the pumping plant, as illustrated in Fig. 94, 

 which shows cherry trees being sprayed at a distance of approximately 

 one-half mile from the pump. As the specifications do not show clearly 

 in the cut they are printed underneath. From these it will be seen that 

 the pipe running from the i)ump to point B is 1^ inches in diameter. 

 From this point it is reduced to 1|- inch, later from 1 j to 1 inch, and 

 % inch at extremities, all service cocks being ^ inch. 



In the figure it will be seen that the original plan was to have pipes 

 laid every twelve rows in an easterly and westerly direction throughout 



