82 THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



bands and either they or the young larvge as they appear can be readily 

 destroyed. Arsenate of lead, 5 pounds to 100 gallons of water, sprayed 

 on the foliage will destroy the young caterpillars if they succeed in 

 reaching the upper portions of the tree. 



The Codling Moth. 



The small flattened whitish-eggs of the codling moth are laid on the 

 leaves and fruit of the apple and pear by the adult moths which first 

 emerge about the time the trees are in bloom. The first brood larvae 

 enter the fruit soon after hatching and remain there from three to five 

 weeks, after which they will leave the fruit, passing the resting stage in 

 cracks and under the bark. Another generation of moths emerge which 

 is much more destructive than the first. Generally there are two broods 

 which greatly overlap. The codling moth is one of the easiest to con- 

 trol. In unsprayed orchards the percentage of wormy fruit often runs 

 as high as 80 per cent. In general three applications of arsenate of 

 lead, 5 pounds to 100 gallons of water, are necessary to control this 

 insect on apples, and two applications on pears. The first application 

 must be made when the petals are 90 per cent off and before the calyx 

 cups close. A high pressure in spraying should be maintained and all 

 parts of the trees covered. 



The Pear Thrips. 



In a previous issue of the IMonthly Bulletin a brief description of the 

 appearance and work of the pear thrips was given. Its importance as 

 a pest can not be overestimated as its sudden attack may completely 

 wipe out all prospects for a crop of fruit. At the time they appear on 

 the trees in numbers, Jones and Foster^ recommend thorough spraying, 

 using high pressure, holding nozzles close to the buds and directing the 

 spray into the ends of the buds. The government formula consists 

 of three per cent distillate emulsion combined with black-leaf 40, 

 1 to 2,000 parts of water. 



CITRUS FRUIT INSECTS. 



The Citrus Mealy-bug. 



During the past two or three weeks there has been much discussion 

 as to the best methods for controlling the citrus meah^ bugs. The insect 

 in question is a soft-bodied mealy-coated sucking insect about one 

 fourth of an inch in length in the adult stage. The female deposits 

 large numbers of eggs in a cottony mass. The small young mealy bugs 

 are very active and soon seek out the tender foliage or fruit. There are 

 a number of generations each year overlapping to a large extent, but 

 they appear to do the greatest damage in the fall and spring months. 

 Mr. E. 0. Essig, one of the best authorities on the control of this pest, 

 finds that a carbolic acid emulsion spray, plentifully applied (from 10 

 to 15 gallons to an average sized tree) , under a pressure of two hundred 

 pounds is the principal remedy. The two angle "Bean Jumbo" nozzles 

 on a "Y" to each rod give excellent results. Sometimes two or even 

 four applications, a week apart, are necessary. The winter or early 

 spring seems to be the most advantageous time for spraying. Fumiga- 

 tion has given good results but has not been as effective as the emulsion. 

 The ordinary black scale dosage is the one generally used. 



IS. W. Foster & P. R. Jones, Cir. No. 131, Bur. Bnt., U. S. D. A. 



