THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 229 



ible inountaiii sides, on the lower slopes adjacent to the cultivated 

 grounds, on the inland plain, and the fruit is generally attacked and 

 infested by the fly. In the Nuuanu and jNIauoa valleys I found large 

 areas of Avild guava trees within a stone's throw of the outer edge of 

 the district in which clean culture regulations had been enforced, 

 and found both eggs and larvae of the fruit-tly in guavas upon the 

 trees and on the ground in these same locations. It may as well be 

 recognized and accepted as a fact now, as at any future time, that 

 the ^Mediterranean fruit-fly is ubiquitous on Oahu. Avith abundant 

 natural resources for the reproduction of its kind, and it is not to be 

 denied the opportunity of increasing and nuiltiplying by the applica- 

 tion or enforcement of any regulations or mechanical means employed 

 upon a defined or restricted local area. 



Present conditions in clean culture area. 



In coin{)any with ]\lr. ]\Iaxwell, who has charge of the inspection 

 force engaged in enforcing clean culture regulations, I visited many 

 different parts of the area that has been under continuous supervision 

 for the past thirty months. AVithin this area I had no difficulty what- 

 ever in finding specimens of the following hosts infested with 

 maggots: Oranges, Chinese oranges, grapefruit, coft'ee, cultivated 

 guavas. kamani seeds, earambolas, betel nuts, in fact, wherever a 

 host fruit was found approaching maturity it was invariably found to 

 be infested, and it is a further fact that despite all the enforcement of 

 regulations ripe host fruits were common in the area under super- 

 vision. 



General opinion as to results obtained and value of clean culture. 



From those most competent to judge, I diligently sought expres- 

 sions of opinion as to the results and estimated value of the work, and 

 while I am withholding the names of those with whom I conferred, the 

 statements obtained Avere practically all to the same point, that the 

 clean culture work, taken in all of its different phases, had at certain 

 periods reduced the number of flies present in particular localities, 

 but had not in any sense maintained a control or saved the fruit from 

 attack, and could not be considered as of any permanent value. 



Plaving had an extended experience in cleanup work for insect 

 pests, and particularly in connection with such work wiien applied 

 to municipal conditions and environment, I was prepared to look 

 clearly into ths many factors that have entered into this problem, and 

 feel justified in making the statement that the work was w^ell planned 

 and has been diligently pursued at all times since its inception, but 

 there were natural features and physical difficulties always present 

 that made successfid local control of the fruit-fly impossible. As to 

 the multifarious details of the campaign which have made justifiable 

 the conclu.sions herewith drawn, they will no doubt be recorded in 

 their proper place and form by those whose patient, diligent and con- 

 scientious work has made such a record possible, and it is not the 

 purpose of this report to anticipate in any way the official record of 

 these proceedings. Suffice it to say that from my personal study of these 

 records and from my observations of the actual conditions here on 

 the scene of action. I am of the opinion that as an experiment pure 

 and simple the clean culture campaign has been a success, in that it 



