'Plli: MONTHLY HULLETIN. 



201) 



liupatioii occurs. It is in the prepupal stage that the sex can iirst he 

 detennined. This is illustrated in the accompanying photograph, the 

 anal segments in the female prepnpa ]>eing somewhat recurved, Avhile 

 in the male they are straight. The length of the prepupal stage is from 

 3 to 7 days. The prepupa averages aliout 8. mm. in length, the females, 

 of course, being as a rule the larger. 



Fig. 70. — CaUiephialtes sp. 

 Female and male pro-pupse. 

 Greatly enlarged. (Original.) 



The Pupa. (Figure 71.) With tlu' r.xuviation of the last larval 

 skin the parasite enters the pupal stage. The last larval skin in the 

 male is thrown off the cerci as a rule, and in the female from the tip of 

 the ovipositor, as shown in the illustration. The pupa of CaU'u pMaltcs 

 sp. is at first of a whitish color, the compound eyes heing partially col- 

 ored reddish. In the male the first noticeable development in the 

 coloration scheme is the blackish tinge ap])earing in the eyes. The 

 ocelli at the same time begin to turn reddish. There are no other 

 changes in color for appro.ximately five days after pupation at the 

 temperatures recorded. The head and thorax next begin to take a 

 yellowish tinge and within three days the pupa begins to assume a 

 distinct color pattern which did not vary to any appreciable extent in 

 all specimens examined. This was as follows: Portion of occipital re- 

 gion included by post occipital carina?, spot on each side of the scutel- 

 lum, anterior half of metanotum and mesosternum. lower portions of 

 mesopleura blackish ; eyes, mandibles and ocelli reddish. The metano- 

 tum is strongly bicarinate in both sexes, which is not so in the adult. 

 Twenty-four hours later the entire head and thorax are black, the upper 

 half of the chitinized portion of the second abdominal segment is 

 blackish. The hind coxa? begin to assume the ferruginous color of the 

 adult, the mandibles become darker. Twenty-four hours after these 

 changes take place there is a noticeable darkening of the abdominal 

 plates. The pygidium also ])lackens. The antenna begin to assume a 

 darker tinge. The coxic of the anterior and intermediate legs begin 

 to turn yellowish. At another twenty-four hour period the chitinized 

 portions on the abdomen are practically the color of the adult, and the 

 cerci are also blackish. The next step in the coloration is the darkening 

 of the wing pads. The tarsal claws become dark and the tarsal joints 

 of the posterior legs are also blackish. Otherwise the color is practi- 



