210 



THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



cally that of the adult. About forty-eight hours later the male emerges. 

 In the female pupa the coloration consists of at first in the darkening of 

 the eyes and ocelli. The next step is the blackish color appearing in 

 the mesopleura ; tip of mandibles reddish ; area included between post 

 occipital caringe, prothorax, middle portion of mesonotum, suture be- 

 tween mesonotum and scutellum, blackish, as is a spot on each side of 

 the post-scutellum and mesonotum. Twenty-four hours later at the 



Fig. 71. — Male and female 

 pupte of Calliephialtes sp. 

 Greatly enlarged. (Original.) 



above temperatures the abdominal plates begin to darken as also do the 

 foreparts of the antenna ; the tips of the tarsi begin to show reddish ; 

 the mandibles are dark, and the anterior intermediate and posterior 

 coxffi begin to assume their characteristic color. Forty-eight hours 

 later the wing pads darken and the legs are nearly the color of the 

 adult. The ovipositor sheath begins to blacken at the base. The adult 

 usually issues within four days after this stage in the coloration is 

 reached. 



The length of the pupal period varies at a temperature of about 61° F. 

 from thirteen to twenty-four days. The average sized pupa is about 

 8 mm. The pupa transforms into the adult one or two days before it 

 emerges from the cocoon. The adults bite their way out through one 

 end of the cocoon. 



The period from egg to adult at a mean temperature of 61° F. to 

 62° F. is from forty to fifty days. 



Summary. 



1. Calliephialtes sp. was introduced into California from Spain in 

 1904, by Mr. George Compere, and was distributed in large numbers 

 throughout the State. 



2. On account of the wide differences in handling the apple crop in 

 California and that of the native habitat, the physical limitations of the 

 parasite, the fact that the birds destroy a large percentage of the cod- 

 ling moth larva?, and the habits of the codling moth larvae seeking 

 hibernating quarters, we l)elieve that Calliephialtes sp. will be of no 

 practical value in controlling the host. 



