312 THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



mercial rather than sanitary reasons. Just prior to this period, two 

 strong characters had been added to the service— B. M. Lelong, as 

 secretary, and Alexander Craw, as cpiarantine officer. These were both 

 capable officers, indefatigable workers, and also men who clearly com- 

 prehended the purpose of their OAvn ideas. Lelong had stirred up not 

 only the State of California but all of the United Statas east of the 

 Mississippi River by his insistent efl:orts to bar out of this State nursery 

 stock susceptible to the disease known as peach yellows from all 

 localities where this disease was known to exist, and Craw was 

 equally insistent in the matter of more authority in the determination 

 to maintain a quarantine. Largely as a result of the efforts of these 

 two officers the State Board of Agriculture issued in November, 1891, 

 amended regulations. The new and important features in the amend- 

 ment under this date appear to me as follows : All importers of horti- 

 cultural material into this State were ordered to notify the quarantine 

 officers of the arrival of the same ; a quarantine period of fourteen days 

 Avas established, during which infested imports could be held for the 

 purpose of determining the effect of the treatment to which the pests 

 found upon them had been subjected; and all nursery stock and pro- 

 pagating material susceptible to the disease known as peach yellows 

 from the territory outlined as known to be infested with this same 

 disease was denied admittance into this State. However, no penalty 

 was provided for failure to comply with these regulations. In 

 December, 1893. the State Board of Horticulture again amended their 

 quarantine regulations, the change apparently in this instance consisting 

 of striking out the restrictions on the matter of bringing in, selling or 

 giving away infested fruit in this State, and adding to the regulations a 

 clause whereby any nursery stock or plants infested with insect pests 

 or fungus dise"ases not known to exist in this State were prohibited from 

 landing. The vigorous prosecution of ({uarantine regulations, especi- 

 ally at the port of San Francisco, during the year of 1894, developed 

 a situation that imperatively demanded further additions to these 

 regulations, and in August, 1894, the Board of Horticulture once more 

 amended and amplified the horticultural quarantine regulations by 

 reinstating the restrictions on infested fruit and denying the admit- 

 tance into this State of any flying fox, Australian or English wild 

 rabbit or other animals injurious to horticulture. 



Alexander Craw, as the quarantine officer charged with the duty of 

 putting into execution the foregoing regulations, learned by bitter 

 experience what a difficult undertaking it is to endeavor to enforce police 

 regulations without adequate punishment is provided for all violations 

 of the same, and for the next four years he labored incessantly to 

 bring about legislation that would endow these necessary principles of 

 protection to our horticultural interests with statutory dignity and 

 the enforceable compliance which the same insures. All of those who 

 knew Craw will agree with me that it must have been a source of 

 great comfort to him when what was known as the horticultural quar- 

 antine law became effective in March, 1899. The prime features of this 

 act were the placing of a statutory quarantine on peach yellows, and 

 making violation of any of its provisions a misdemeanor. 



On March 25, 1903, we find approved an act to create a State Com- 

 mission of Horticulture. The wisdom or not of this radical departure 



