THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 139 



straight nozzles nro recommended, and witli tliis equipment many 

 growers have l)een able to get very satisfactory results. The use of a 

 single small tine-holed nozzle is not to be recommended at all. The 

 amoiuit of liquid to be applied will naturally vary with the size of the 

 tree and the extent of the infestation, but for an average sized tree the 

 use of fifteen gallons will cost only about seven cents and is not too 

 much to insure a fairly even distribution to all parts. One of the great 

 objections to spraying is that not all portions of the tree are drenched. 

 The operator should bear this in mind when he is making the application 

 and meet, so far as possible, this difficulty. In severe infestations Ave 

 have made such an application as many as five times without any 

 apparent damage to the trees. 



Conclusions. 



Spraying is not reconnnended as the only or even the most efficient 

 means of controlling the mealy bug. It is .simply a means, and if 

 properly done and under favorable conditions will give good results. 

 Under other conditions, however, almost complete failure may attend 

 the work, as has often ])een the case and many may be led to tliink that 

 spraying as a control measure is a failure. At the convention at 

 Ontario Mr. Wood reported that an orchard had been si)rayed six times 

 in the summer and at the end of the year was as badly infested as 

 orchards not sprayed. :\rr. Prizer reported that in his work at Chula 

 Vista plots sprayed apparently showed no better results than those 

 which were not treated at all. Similar cases have been observed by 

 the writer. However, he has also a personal knowledge that very 

 bad infestations have been almost entirely eliminated with spraying. 

 ]\Ir. R. S. Vaile reported good results from spraying with carbolic acid 

 emulsion. 



Remembering all the factors one should not be discouraged by these 

 failures, and it is the belief of the writer that persistent work will bring 

 results which will amply repay the cost to the orchardist. 



Spraying is never recommended as a single method of control or 

 eradication. It is only one means to these ends. 



FUMIGATION. 



In the year 1908 .Air. Philip E. Smith, then horticultural commi.ssioner 

 of Ventura County, began the tirst experimental w^ork in the control of 

 the citrus mealy bug by fumigation. The results of his experiments 

 were published in Bulletin No. 1 of the Claremont Pomological Club, 

 January 18, 1909. and were not at all encouraging. Ilis work was 

 continued during the year 1909 by the writer and by many other parties, 

 particularly Mr. R. S. Vaile. the present horticultural commissioner of 

 Ventura County ; iSlr. John A. Prizer. the entomologist of the San Diego 

 Fruit Company, Chula Vista, Cal. ; iMr. H. A. Weinland, horticultural 

 commissioner of San Diego County, San Diego, Cal. ; Mr. Wm. Wood, 

 horticultural commissioner of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Cal. ; 

 Mr. Roy K. Bishop, horticultural commissioner of Orange County, 

 Santa Ana, Cal., and many others, with varying .success. From all the 

 experiments there seems to be a common belief that fumigation is an 

 efficient means of commercial control in the orchard and that bv 



