THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 375 



The Yellow Scale. 



The yellow scale attacks almost entirely the leaves anct fruit of the 

 citrus tree, M-hile the red scale attacks all parts. It occurs throughout 

 the entire citrus groAving sections of the State. It resembles the red 

 scale in appearance, but is more yellow in color, lies flatter upon the 

 leaf and is sometimes larger in diameter. The method for control is 

 the same as that for the red scale. 



The Black Scale. 



The injury caused by the black scale is in main tlftit caused by the 

 excretion of the honej'dew which furnishes a medium for the black 

 smut fungus to grow in. This smut fungus covers the fruit and 

 leaves. Due to this fungus the smutty fruit must receive a vigorous 

 washing in order to improve its appearance, and, as a result of this 

 washing, the fruit may be injured so that decay sets in. The smut 

 fungus also may completely cover a leaf shutting otf the light, conse- 

 cjuently injuring the leaf functions. The black scale occurs throughout 

 the State, but is more abundant along the coast. It attacks all citrus 

 trees, the olive, oleander, grape, apricot, almond, pear, etc. The 

 adult scales are black and have a distinct "H" on the back. They 

 are from one eighth to one fourth of an inch in diameter. There 

 appears to be but one generation a year, although one may find the 

 different stages at almost any time. However, the young scales are 

 most abundant from September to December, and the eggs are laid 

 mostly during the months of May, June and July. The black scale 

 is best controlled by fumigation on citrus trees. Fumigate with one 

 half to three fourths schedule between September and January, the 

 one half schedule being used when there is an even hatch and the scales 

 are very young. The orchardists should fumigate at the time that 

 all the eggs have hatched and the young have not yet become well 

 grown. In spraying deciduous trees in order to destroy this pest, it is 

 better to wait until after the leaves have fallen, and in the case of the 

 olive, after the fruit has been picked. 



MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS. 



Grasshopper Control. 



The egg pods of grasshoppers are generally deposited in the hard, 

 uncultivated lands during the late summer and early fall. Plowing, 

 harrowing and disking such waste lands to the depth of several inches 

 in the late fall will destroy many of these pods, and consequently 

 lessen next year's attack. 



The Squash Bug. 



The injury done by the squash bug is well known to all of us. The 

 insect is brownish black with yellow spots along the edges of the 

 abdomen and is dirty yellow in color on the underside. This bug 

 winters over in the adult stage in rubbish and among the old vines. 

 Burn all the rubbish in the fields, especially the old vines, and clean 

 along the fences. Fall plowing Avill also aid in the reduction of this 

 pest for the following year. 



