TJIE MONTJILY BULLETIN. 527 



other or point downwards. In the fan-shaped vine the canes are 

 chcsen which run in the direction of the trellises, the canes which 

 stick out between the rows l)eing cut out. liCss spurs should l)e left 

 if the vines are not very vigorous. The author states further, that 

 it is easier to properly shape vines which make only a moderate growth 

 during the lir.st three seasons. 



AFTER THE THIRD WINTER PRUNING. 

 l*runing after the third winter will be simple, but involving one new 

 idea : the distinction between fruit and sterile wood. At each winter 

 pruning a number of spurs of fruit wood must l)e left to produce 

 the crop to l)e expected from the sixe and vigor of the vine. Besides 

 these fruit spurs it may be necessary to leave spurs of sterile wood to 

 permit the increasing of the number of fruit spurs the following year. 

 If a vine, at the end of the third winter pruning, is left witli two 

 fruit spurs of two buds each, and one fruit spur with one bud, and 

 the.se five fruit buds produce vigorous shoots during the following 

 summer, there will he five canes of fruit wood which can be used to 

 form five fruit spurs at the following winter pruning. This is about 

 the normal increase necessary. However, if some of these fruit l)ud.s 

 pn duce weak or badly placed shoots, the shape of the head will be 

 spoiled, if they are used for spurs. Other shoots will be produced 

 from base, secondary or adventitious l)uds, which may be used to forju 

 spurs for the starting of new arms. Each year the process is con- 

 tinued, that is, enough fruit spurs well placed and spaced are left to 

 I)roduce the crop, and on most vines supplementary spurs of sterile 

 wond must be left to supply more arms where they are needed, and 

 finally, when the full complement of arms is di'veloped to supply 

 new arms to replace those which have become too long or are other- 

 wise defective. Sometimes, the writer gees on to say, it is difficult 

 to find water sprouts in suitable positions for replacing spurs. This 

 difficulty can Ijc overcome by shorter pruning. If an arm is too long 

 and at the same time weak, it should be pruned to extra short spurs. 

 This tends to force water sprouts to start from the older wood near 

 the base of the ai'in. 



FAN-SHAPED VINES. 



If the vine is to be fan-shaped in the third winter pruning, the vine 

 should be pruned to two spurs. ]More vigorous vines should not be 

 given more spurs, but the spurs should be given more buds, four, five 

 or even six, in some ea.ses. This is done in order to obtain some fruit. 

 With very vigorous vines one fruit cane may be left at this pruning. 



The wire of the trellis should be put up at the end of this season, if 

 this has not been done. 



As the form of the vine is determined by llic renewal spurs (spurs 

 left to supply fruit spurs or fruit canes), special attention should be 

 paid to their position, so that they will be about the same height above 

 the ground. The next year each of tlies<' spurs will furnish a fruit cane 

 and one or two renewal spurs. The arms will thus, in two or three 

 years, be increa.sed to four or, with the very large vines, to six. These 

 spurs should be chosen so that they will 7iot project out sideways. Tlie 



