THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 537 



and twifjs. and furnislips a iiiedinni in which tlie black snnit t'un«i:us 

 works. This honcNiU'w also collects lar^ic quantities of dust, resulting' 

 in the imi)airino' of the leaf functions, and therefore the entire tree 

 suffers. Iloneydew covered fruit is untit for use. Bulletin No. 80. part 

 VIII. of the l^ureau of Entoinoloiiv. V. S. DepartmcMit of Agriculture, 

 by P. R. Jones, contains the followinii' sunnnary: 



"Di.stillate oil emulsion at 5 per cent and 6 per eent strengths, with 

 and without caustic soda; crude oil emulsion at 12 per cent strenoth. 

 and resin soda wash are effective in eonti-ollino- the European fruit 

 Lecanium and in cleaning uj) the trees from lichens, and do not injure 

 the trees when applied as a winter treatment. 



"Caustic soda and creosote oil emvdsion sprays control this scale and 

 destroy the lichens, but are injurious to the tree. 



"Lime-sulj)hur aiul l)oi'ax sprays are not so efficient in controlling 

 this scale, especially the European fruit Lecanium. as are the distillate 

 oil and crude oil enudsions. and borax acts on 1lie trees in the same way 

 as does caustic soda. 



"Distillate oil and crude oil emulsions appear to have distinct fungi- 

 cidal ])roperties aside from their insecticidal value. 



"Distillate oil enndsions at 6 per cent strength ami crude oil enndsion 

 at 12 j)er cent .strength, measured by their efficiency against scales and 

 lichens, convenience of preparation and application, and co-st. are the 

 sprays best adapted for the p]uropean fruit Lecaniiun. 



"The 6 per cent distillate oil emulsion will cost about 2^ cents for 

 each prune tree and 'A!, cents for each apricot tree. 



"The 12 per cent crude oil emulsion will cost about 2 cents for each 

 prune tree and 2| cents for each apricot tree. 



"All sprays, to insure the best results, should be applied with a i)Ower 

 outfit at a high pressure (180 to 200 ))Oun(ls). A coarse, drenching 

 spray applied with crook nozzles is preferable, and February is the best 

 month in which to spray." 



The formuUe* for the crude oil and the distillate emulsions are as 

 follows : 



CRUDE OIL EMULSION. 



Water 17.i gaIlon.=! 



Liquid .soap 3 gallons 



Crude oil 2r> gallons 



Fill the spray tank with the water, add the liquid soap, agitate 

 thoroughly, after which add the crude oil. If the liquid soap can not be 

 obtained use whale oil soap, 20 pounds dissolved in 10 gallons of hot 

 water, to which 3 pounds of caustic soda is added. 



DISTILLATE EMULSION. 



Distillate. 28° Baume 20 gallons 



Whale oil soap 30 pounds 



Water 12 gallons 



Dissolve the whale oil soap in hot water, add the distillate, agitate 

 thoroughly while the solution is warm. For use add 12 gallons of water 

 tc each gallon of the above mixture. 



*Injurious and Beneficial Insects of Califmnia. by E. O. Essig. 



