71 



foreign particles in the eye, inflammation of the conjunctiva, 

 abscess or ulceration of the cornea and closure of the lach- 

 rymal ducts. For further examination the animal should be 

 taken to a barn or stall. It is best to use a stall with one 

 window or one door; the animals head should be turned to 

 the open door or to the window, allowing the light to fall on 

 the eye from directly in front or from an angle to the right 

 or left of the front. The eye may be opened by gently and 

 firmly pressing the lids apart with the thumb and index 

 finger, using the right hand with the left eye, and the left 

 hand Avith the right eye. To see the conjunctiva of the upper 

 lid, it may be everted by grasping the eye lashes with one hand 

 and everting the lid over the fore finger of the other hand. 

 Examine closely the haw or "eyewasher" and all parts of 

 the conjunctiva for signs of injurv, inflammation and irri- 

 tating particles. Examine also the opening of the tear 

 ducts. 



The ol)servers attention is next directed to the size, form 

 and position of the eye ball. It is always advisable to com- 

 pare one eye with the other that the abnormal may be judged 

 by its deviation from the normal. If the eye ball projects 

 outward and forward excessively, dislocation of the eye ball, 

 hydropthalmus (excess of water in the aqueous humor) or a 

 tumor in or behind the eye may be suspected. If the eye 

 ball is drawn backward into the eye socket, severe inflam- 

 mation is present, attended by extreme sensitiveness to light, 

 as in the beginning of an attack of moon blindness. A de- 

 crease in volume or size of the eye ball, (after repeated at- 

 tacks of periodic opthalmia and in tuberculosis of the 

 eye ball) is manifest by apparent drawing of the eye into 

 the socket and the more or less infolding of the upper lid 

 near the inner angle of the eye. The tension and hardness 

 of the eye ball may be tested by palpation upon the upper 

 eye lid, with the index finger; both eyes should be tested at 

 the same time that one may be compared with the other. 

 Note the presence or absence of the congestion of the peri- 

 corneal bloodvessels; its presence indicates inflammation of 

 the ciliary bodies, the iris and sometimes the choroid coat, 



