18 



junctiva and leads to the formation of clouded spots and 

 vascularity of the cornea. This disease also occurs most 



Fig. 4. 

 Ectropium — Folding outward of the lower lid. 



frequently in dogs, but may appear in the horse, ox and 

 sheep. It is caused mostly, in the horse, by scar tissue in 

 the neighborhood of the lower eyelid ; this makes the skin 

 so tense that the traction pulls the lid from the eyeball. 

 Inflammatory swellings and new growths on the conjunctiva 

 may also cause it. Dogs with deep set eyes and in a poorly 

 nourished condition suffer with this disease. Ectropium is 

 treated by cutting away a narrow strip of the conjunctiva 

 parellel with margin of the lid. The shears may be used, 

 but no stitches are required. 



PTOSIS — FALLING OF UPPER LID. 



When the upper lid hangs abnormally downward and out- 

 ward from the eyeball, without folding or rolling, it is called 

 drooping of the lid or Ptosis. It is usually associated 

 with paralysis of the facial nerve, and may occur on one or 

 both sides. In paralysis of both nerves there is constant 

 dribbling of saliva, paralysis of the lips, the nostrils and the 

 upper eyelids. This is said to result from an injury of the 

 facial nerve or some of its larger branches. The injury is 

 usually produced by bruises or due to pressure of the bridle 



